Early Intervention Flashcards
Early Intervention
Treating children according to
1What we know (theory)
2 What we observe (naturalistic, testing)
Early Intervention access
Speech development
How children become more and more intelligible as they grow
Expressive and receptive language development
Learning to understand and to express needs, ideas and beliefs
Social development
Learning the unspoken social code
Play development
A window into children’ understanding of the world
Intelligibility
By 18 months
Speech is 25% intelligible
By 24 months
Speech is 50 to 75 % intelligible
By 36 months
Speech is 75 to 100% intelligible by non-familiar people
By 48 months
Speech is 100% intelligible by non-familiar people
Comprehension
1 and 2 years
By 1 year
Understands simple words such as ‘stop’, ‘mummy’
Stops and looks when they hear their name
By 2 years
Understands basic instructions such as ‘wash teddy’
Understands instructions given within the context of familiar everyday activities (i.e. “shoe on”)
Brings you an object you ask for (by 18 months)
Understands up to 500 words
Comprehension
3 years
By 3 years
Understands instructions such as ‘put all the cars away in Sam’s box’ without the adult using gesture to help
Understands use of objects (object function), such as ‘what do we use for cutting… sitting… what this?’
Understands who, what, where
Understands simple stories with pictures
Understands simple position words: in, on, under
Expression
24 months
24 months
Uses 100 - 200 words
Imitates new words
Combines two words
Asks routine questions (i.e. “What’s that?”)
Uses intonation to indicate question
Uses present progressive –ing
Uses “me”, “you” and “mine” correctly most of the time
Expression
2 ½ years
2 ½ years
Uses 200-300 words Names common verbs
Uses 2-3 word sentences
Uses keywords to convey need
Uses personal pronouns (me, I, you, mine)
Uses descriptive such as “in” and “on”, “big” and “little”
Recites portions of nursery rhymes or other familiar routine
Label known pictures in rapid succession
Expression
3 years
3 years
Expanding vocabulary of up to 900 words
Uses words to relate observations, ideas, and relationships
Uses concepts words: same, different, empty, full, clean, dirty, night, day
Uses pronouns: he, she, they, we, you, your, yours
Combines 3-4 words into sentences
Uses conjunctions (because, and, or) to join two ideas
Expression
Uses regular plural –s, present progressive –ing with auxiliary, regular past tense –ed, possessive –s
Inflects verb “to be” (i.e., am, are, was)
Ask many simple questions using Wh- words, inversion of auxiliary emerging (e.g. “What is she doing?” not “What she is doing?”)
Able to produce basic antonyms and synonyms
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENt
Development of social and emotional skills
children learn to form positive and productive relationships with family, peers, teachers and other people in their lives
Children learn to understand their own feelings and understand other people’s feelings, and react accordingly
Very important foundation for later development
Joint Attention
Still face experiment:
Still Face Experiment: Dr. Edward Tronick
Joint attention during play develops at 9 months
Sharing attention
Sharing affect
Communicating intention
Initiating or Responding to Social Interaction
A typical child is interested
in being with and interacting with adults or other children
by looking at them, smiling, and communicating in verbal and nonverbal ways.
Non-Verbal Communication
Eye gaze
To see what others are looking at and to signal interest in interacting
Facial expression
To express emotion and to communicate with others nonverbally
Body language
To signal intentions and emotions through positioning of the body
Gestures
Hand and head movements to communicate (i.e., give, reach, wave, point, head shake …)
Conversation development
Conversation development begins with sharing attention on objects and develops into an exchanges of turns.
Infants first learn to coordinate attention and exchange turns and during social games (hide and seek, peek-a-boo, looking at books, playing with objects…
Back and forth sharing is foundational for developing conversation.
Pragmatic Development
Birth to 9 months
Birth to 9 months
Infant pays attention to human voice and human face.
Responds to interaction by looking, vocalizing, smiling, and laughing.
Begins to enjoy action games and begins to smile in recognition of familiar words or in anticipation of tickling
Early interactions between infants and caregivers involve turn-taking, often ritualized and repetitive games
Involve joint attention between infant and caregiver, which expands to include external objects and events.
