Treatment of Speech Sounds Disorders

Question 1

Organic speech sound disorders

Answer 1

motor/neurological disorders(CAS, dysarthria …)
structural abnormalities(cleft palate…)
sensory/perceptual disorders(hearing impairment …)

Question 2

Functional speech sound disorders

Answer 2

motor production of speech sounds (articulation disorders)
linguistic aspects of speech production (phonological disorders)

Question 3

Functional Speech Sound Disorders
Articulation disorders and phonological disorders

Answer 3

Articulation disorders
Errors in production of individuals sounds (distortions, additions, substitutions, deletions …)
Phonological disorders
Predictable rule-based errors (fronting, stopping, cluster reduction, final consonant deletion, vowelization, assimilation, gliding …)
Speech Sound Disorders
Often hard to differentiate between articulation and phonological disorders
They often overlap
Term used for speech errors of unknown cause

Question 4

Articulation approaches

Answer 4

Target each sound
Goal: correct production of the target sound
Articulation and phonological/language-based approaches might both be used in therapy with the same person, simultaneously or at different times

Question 5

Phonological/language-based approaches

Answer 5

Target a group of sounds with similar error patterns
Goal: internalize phonological rules and generalize these rules to other sounds within the pattern
Articulation and phonological/language-based approaches might both be used in therapy with the same person, simultaneously or at different times

Question 6

General pattern of intervention

Answer 6

Establishment
eliciting target sounds and stabilizing production on a voluntary level.
Generalization
facilitating carry-over of sound productions at increasingly challenging levels (e.g., syllables, words, phrases/sentences, conversational speaking).
Maintenance
stabilizing target sound production and making it more automatic; encouraging self-monitoring of speech and self-correction oferrors

Question 7

target selection for articulation approach

Answer 7

Target selection
Sound that the child is unable to produce
Sounds for which the child is stimulable
Sounds for which the child is not stimulable

Question 8

Intervention procedure for articulation approach

Answer 8

Intervention procedure
Identify the standard sound
Discriminate standard versus error sound
Shape production until produced correctly
Strengthen and stabilize in all positions of words
Generalize in phrases and sentences, in all context and speaking situation

Question 9

Intervention for phonological approach

Answer 9

Minimal pairs
Phonological contrast approach
uses pairs of words that differ by only one phoneme or single feature signaling a change in meaning.
Goal: establish contrasts not present in the child’s phonological system(tea/tree, pot/spot, key/tea, bat/mat)

Question 10

Minimal Pairs (BanterSpeech.com)

Answer 10

Identify the target phonological process
Before the session, select 3 to 5 minimal pairs of words highlighting the contrast
Introduce the minimal pair words and discuss the meaning of each word. Develop awareness of the contrast
Have the child point to the words your name
Have the child name the words and you point
If the child produces error, pick up the picture of the child named and not the one intended
Feedback about the mistake
Generalized two other pair words at the sentence level