Early Presidents

Question 1

In this Supreme Court Case (1803), Chief Justice Marshall established the power of Judicial Review, which states the Supreme Court has the power to interpret the Constitution and declare laws “unconstitutional”

Answer 1

Marbury vs. Madison

Question 2

Special interest groups hire these people to influence legislation passed by Congress. For example, powerful business groups that use their money to influence these laws that the federal government makes. Also a part of the “unwritten Constitution”

Answer 2

Lobbying

Question 3

Raise money through taxes, create a national bank, promote protective tariffs, plan to get the country’s finances in order and create a stable currency

Answer 3

Alexander Hamilton’s Financial Plan

Question 4

In this Supreme Court Case, the decision upheld the United States’ government ability to have a National Bank. The impact is that the Federal Government has supremacy over states (limits states’ rights)

Answer 4

McCulloch vs. Maryland

Question 5

Speech that said the United States should avoid permanent alliances and said that the country should remain NEUTRAL in foreign affairs

Answer 5

George Washington’s Farewell Address

Question 6

Items not explicitly stated in our Constitution but that have become permanent facets of our government. For example, Cabinet, political parties, judicial review

Answer 6

Unwritten Constitution

Question 7

Supreme Court Judge under John Adams and Thomas Jefferson who increased the power of the federal government

Answer 7

John Marshall

Question 8

The Constitution did not specifically state the President could purchase the land. He had to use a loose/broad interpretation (you can do anything as long as the constitution doesn’t say you can’t do it)

Answer 8

Thomas Jefferson’s Constitutional Interpretation to buy the Louisiana Purchase

Question 9

U.S. doubled in size, US gained control of New Orleans and Mississippi, increased trade along the Mississippi River, Great Plains (resources fueled industrialization)

Answer 9

Advantages of the Louisiana Purchase

Question 10

Authorized President to arrest and deport immigrants who criticized the government

Answer 10

Alien Act

Question 11

Made it a crime for citizens to publicly discredit the federal government

Answer 11

Sedition Act

Question 12

3 French Officials demanded a bribe in order to meet with US officials. Adams then breaks off negotiations.

Answer 12

XYZ Affair

Question 13

Farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton’s taxes on whiskey. Washington commanded an army to stop the riots, leading to several federal officers were killed. This proved the new Constitution was effective in stopping events such as this, whereas the Articles were too weak to stop Shays Rebellion.

Answer 13

Whiskey Rebellion (1794)

Question 14

TJ and Madison argued that states should have the right to nullification, which would allow individual states to to decide if a federal law was unconstitutional.

Answer 14

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Question 15

Regulating interstate commerce (trade) is a power reserved to the federal government

Answer 15

Gibbons vs. Ogden

Question 16

The power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional

Answer 16

Judicial Review

Question 17

“Necessary and Proper” Clause, government can create any power it needs, AKA “implied powers”

Answer 17

Elastic Clause