Early Years of the Weimar 1919-1924 Flashcards
(49 cards)
Which reforms ended the Kaiser’s autocratic rule because Prince Max became the chancellor, the Chancellor was in control of the Reichstag, and the army was under control of the Civil Government?
Kaiser’s October Reforms 1918
Who asks for an armistice in October 1918?
Prince Max
What happened on 22nd October 1918 ‘The Kaiser is a Scoundrel’ ‘Up with the republic’?
Friedrichshafen strike
What happened for the first time on 28th October 1918 at Wilhelmshaven?
Naval Mutiny
Who mutinied against their officers on the 3rd November 1918?
Sailors
What was established on the 4th November 1918?
Soldiers and workers councils
Where was there a republic on the 8th November 1918?
Bavaria
Who called for a General Strike on the 9th November 1918 and withdrew support from the Kaiser’s Government?
SPD
Who tells the Government that the army won’t support it on 9th November 1918?
General Groener
Who became the President of the Reichstag but didn’t believe in revolutionary action and was more conservative?
Ebert
Who does Ebert make an agreement with on the 10th November 1918?
General Groener
Who does Ebert promise that he’ll exercise power in their name as a temporary agreement?
Workers and soldiers councils
Who saw workers and soldiers councils as an expression of the revolution?
USPD
What happens on the 16th December that kills 16 people?
Spartacist Revolution
What are some strengths of the Weimar? (5)
Wider right to vote Prop rep Full democracy Rights for individuals Referendums could be called
What are some weaknesses of the Weimar? (3)
Prop rep
Too many coalitions
Article 48
How much km cubed (13%) did Germany lose in the Treaty of Versailles?
70,000
How much iron ore did Germany lose in the Treaty of Versailles?
75%
What was demilitarised in the Treaty of Versailles?
The Rhineland
What blamed Germany for the war?
Article 231
What were German reactions to the Treaty of Versailles? (3)
Resentment, wouldn’t accept blame
National self-determination denied to them - millions of Germans forced to be Polish etc citizens
German nationalists angry at outlawing of nationalist groups and patriotic songs under control of the French
in Allied occupation of once German colonies`
How justified were German reactions to the Treaty? (4)
Treaty could have been much more severe
Didn’t punish as much as Clemencau would have e.g creating an independent Rhineland
Germany had made Russia suffer worse in the Treaty of Brest-Lovick
Germany would have annexed territory if they won
What were pro republican reactions to the treaty? (3)
SPD asked DVP DNVP and DDP to state ppl who had voted for the treaty were not unpatriotic
Took view of outwardly complying while negotiating changes / policy of fulfillment
Turned some Weimar supporters against it - alienated moderates who had wanted a better republic but couldn’t deal with politicians who had betrayed them
What were right wing reactions to treaty?
Many joined extremist right groups that wanted to overthrow the Gov
Betrayal of the fatherland - dethroning the Kaiser, singing of the armistice, acceptance of the Treaty
‘November Criminals’ ‘Stab in the Back’
Ludendorff excused and the army given no blame even tho he had advised a new civilian gov to the Kaiser - ‘stab in the back’ myth was promoted by him to avoid blame for him and ensure the politicians were blamed instead
