Ears

Question 1

What is the ear canal considered?

Answer 1

External ear

About 1 inch long and narrows in the middle

Question 2

Where does the middle ear start?

Answer 2

Tympanic membrane

Question 3

What is the tympanic membrane?

Answer 3

Thin, grayish membrane that separates external ear from internal ear

Question 4

What do the eustachian tubes do?

Answer 4

Drain and equalize pressure in the ear

Question 5

What does increased pressure in the ear lead to?

Answer 5

Vertigo

Question 6

What is part of the inner ear?

Answer 6

Cochlea

Hair/cilia inside cochlea - organ of corti

Question 7

What are cilia for?

Answer 7

Picking up different pitches/frequencies

Question 8

How does hearing occur?

Answer 8

Vibration travel through the ear canal, vibrate the tympanic membrane, through ossicles, to cochlea/organ of corti, to CN VIII, to temporal lobe

Question 9

Where should the helix of the ear be located?

Answer 9

At or above the outer canthus

Question 10

What is the auricle?

Answer 10

The external ear

Question 11

What is the antihelix?

Answer 11

Parallel and anterior to the helix

Question 12

What is the antitragus?

Answer 12

Opposite the auditory canal opening

Question 13

What is the external auditory canal?

Answer 13

2.5-3 cm length, narrow mid-way and widens near the eardrum

Question 14

What is the otitis externa?

Answer 14

Outer ear infection

Question 15

What is otitis media?

Answer 15

Middle ear infection (behind tympanic membrane)

Question 16

What is the middle ear?

Answer 16

Air filled cavity in temporal bone separated from external ear by tympanic membrane

Question 17

How do you inspect an adult ear?

Answer 17

Pull up and back

Question 18

How do you inspect and child ear?

Answer 18

Pull down and back

Question 19

What is the upper section of the TM called?

Answer 19

Pars flaccida

Question 20

Where is the cone of light in the right ear?

Answer 20

5:00

Question 21

Where is the cone of light in the left ear?

Answer 21

7:00

Question 22

What happens in an infection?

Answer 22

Concavity is pushed out -> can’t see landmarks
Dim cone of light
TM rip if there’s enough fluid

Question 23

Why do children more frequently get middle ear infections?

Answer 23

Because of shape and length of middle ear

Question 24

What is the inner ear?

Answer 24

Curved cavity with a bony labyrinth consisting of a vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea

Question 25

What does the cochlea contain?

Answer 25

Organ of corti, which transmits sound impulses to the Cranial Nerve VIII

Question 26

What is normal hearing?

Answer 26

Air conduction

Question 27

What is conductive hearing loss?

Answer 27

When changes in outer or middle ear impairs conduction of sound to inner ear Ex: something blocking

Question 28

What is sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 28

Impairment of the Organ of Corti | Number one cause: old age

Question 29

What is mixed hearing loss?

Answer 29

Conductive hearing loss and sensorineural hearing loss

Question 30

What should you inspect for the outer ear?

Answer 30

``` Auricle - at or above outer canthus List piercings and where they are Deformities? Lumps? Crystals? Discharge? Pimples? Moles? Drainage from external ear? Pull up and back and look with pen light for drainage ```

Question 31

What should you palpate for the outer ear?

Answer 31

Tenderness, masses Mastoid process for tenderness Tragus for tenderness

Question 32

Which ear should be examined first if the pt complains of pain?

Answer 32

The good ear

Question 33

What occurs in otitis media?

Answer 33

Red, bulging drum, loss of landmarks, dilated blood vessels may cause spontaneous rupture & conductive hearing loss

Question 34

How do you test auditory acuity?

Answer 34

Ask pt to occlude 1 ear at a time | Use whisper test, ticking watch test, or weber test

Question 35

What is the whisper test?

Answer 35

Whisper 2 syllable word about 2 feet away from pt

Question 36

What is the weber test?

Answer 36

Tuning fork test

Question 37

Where does sound lateralize during weber test in conductive hearing loss

Answer 37

Impaired ear

Question 38

Where does sound lateralize during weber test in sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 38

Good ear

Question 39

What is the rinne test?

Answer 39

Comparing air conduction to bone conduction

Question 40

Which should be louder during rinne test: air conduction or bone conduction?

Answer 40

Air conduction

Question 41

Which will be louder during rinne test in conductive hearing loss: air conduction or bone conduction?

Answer 41

BC > AC

Question 42

Which should be louder during rinne test in sensorineural hearing loss: air conduction or bone conduction?

Answer 42

AC > BC

Question 43

What is CN II?

Answer 43

Optic | Test visual acuity with Snellen chart

Question 44

What is CN III?

Answer 44

``` Oculomotor EOM Test with raising eyebrows (levetator palpebral movement) H with finger Pupillary movement - pen light ```

Question 45

What is CN IV?

Answer 45

Trochlear Test using H with finger EOM

Question 46

What is CN V?

Answer 46

Trigeminal | Corneal reflex

Question 47

What is CN VI?

Answer 47

Abducens EOM Test by H with finger

Question 48

What is CN VIII?

Answer 48

Vestibulocochlear/Auditory Hearing Whisper test Weber test