Eyes

Question 1

What is the conjunctiva?

Answer 1

Thin membrane that keeps the outer eye and inner portion of the eyelids moist

Question 2

What is ptosis?

Answer 2

When the upper eyelid droops down

Question 3

What is the palpebral fissure?

Answer 3

Opening between the eyelids

Question 4

Which muscles are responsible for up/down and right/left movement of the eye?

Answer 4

4 rectus muscles

Question 5

Which muscles are responsible upper outer and lower inner movement of the eye?

Answer 5

2 oblique muscles

Question 6

What is the function of the cornea?

Answer 6

To refract light

Question 7

What is the pathway of light through the eye?

Answer 7

Cornea -> pupil -> lenses -> retina

Question 8

What are rods responsible for?

Answer 8

Peripheral vision, dim light

Located all over the eye

Question 9

What are cons responsible for?

Answer 9

Color, acuity, central vision

Clustered together in the center

Question 10

What is an astigmatism?

Answer 10

Abnormality in sight

Question 11

What is glaucoma?

Answer 11

When there’s a build up of pressure to the back of the eye

Question 12

What is the pathway of aqueous humor?

Answer 12

Ciliary body produces -> posterior chamber -> pupil -> anterior chamber

Question 13

What are crystalline lenses made of?

Answer 13

Protein

Question 14

What is a cataract?

Answer 14

When the crystalline lens breaks down and becomes cloudy

Question 15

What is macular degeneration?

Answer 15

When the macular region breaks down

Results in trouble seeing colors/vision

Question 16

What is the sclera?

Answer 16

White of the eye

Question 17

What does the sclera do?

Answer 17

Provide protection, structure

Optic nerve attached to this at the back of the eye

Question 18

What is the cornea?

Answer 18

Continuous with sclera, transparent dome shaped window that cover the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber

Question 19

What does the cornea do?

Answer 19

Provides most of the eyes optical power

Question 20

What is aqueous humor?

Answer 20

Fluid produced by ciliary body that flows from posterior chamber through pupil to anterior chamber

Question 21

What does aqueous humor do?

Answer 21

Controls pressure inside eye

Question 22

What is the iris?

Answer 22

Circular, contractile muscular disc containing pigmented cells

Question 23

What does the iris do?

Answer 23

Regulates the light levels inside eye

Question 24

What is the pupil?

Answer 24

Center of the iris

Tiny sphincter muscles constrict pupil to light and tiny dilator muscles dilates eye in dim light

Question 25

What is the purpose of the lens?

Answer 25

Focus light on the retina | Able to change shape and to adjust to close and distant vision (accommodation)

Question 26

What is the retina?

Answer 26

Sensory network that lines the back of the eye

Question 27

What does the retina do?

Answer 27

Transforms light impulses to electrical impulses Impulses travel via optic nerve to cerebral cortex Here they are transformed into images.

Question 28

Arteries vs veins behind the eye

Answer 28

``` Arteries: Light red Smaller diameter (2/3 less than vein) Light Reflex: Bright Veins: Dark red Size: larger Light reflex: less bright or absent ```

Question 29

What is a tonometer?

Answer 29

Instrument used to measure intraocular pressure

Question 30

What occurs in the eye exam?

Answer 30

``` ROS Inspection of external structures Measurement of visual acuity Determination of visual fields Evaluation of EOM Estimation of Intraocular pressure.** Exploration of Ocular Fundus.** ```

Question 31

What is included in the ROS?

Answer 31

``` Onset of problem gradual or sudden? Problem seeing close work or distance? Pain or headaches? Last eye exam? Glasses or contact lens? Changes in vision? ```

Question 32

What to inspect during an external eye exam?

Answer 32

``` Eyelids: Blinking Lesions Superficial vascularity Edema. Ptosis Eversion, inversion of lids Enophthalmos Exophthalmos Corneal drying Palpate for ocular tension. Lacrimal apparatus Eyebrows ```

Question 33

What is Exophthalmos?

Answer 33

Bulging eyes

Question 34

What can cause Exophthalmos?

Answer 34

Graves disease, hyperthyroidism

Question 35

What is Enophthalmos

Answer 35

Sunken eyes

Question 36

What can cause Enophthalmos?

Answer 36

Dehydration/malnutrition

Question 37

What is the part of the lacrimal apparatus that's visible from the outside?

Answer 37

Puncta

Question 38

What should you examine for the conjunctiva and sclera?

Answer 38

``` Palpebral conjunctiva lining the lids and bulbar conjunctiva covering sclera. Color Vascular patterns Nodules Swelling. Conjunctivitis ```

Question 39

What is arcus senilis?

Answer 39

Gray ring around the iris

Question 40

What is arcus senilis indicative of?

Answer 40

High cholesterol

Question 41

What is presbyopia?

Answer 41

Far-sightedness

Question 42

What is myopia?

Answer 42

Near-sightedness

Question 43

What is hyperopia?

Answer 43

Far-sightedness

Question 44

What tends to occur first: near-sightedness or far-sightedness?

Answer 44

Far-sightedness

Question 45

What is a visual field?

Answer 45

The entire area seen by an eye when its gaze is fixed on a central point

Question 46

What could lidlag indicate?

Answer 46

Problem with CN III or CN VII

Question 47

What is convergence?

Answer 47

Putting finger far from eye and have pt tell you when it gets blurry as you slowly move closer to the eye

Question 48

What is strabismus?

Answer 48

Eyes sort of look down because extraocular muscles are not strong enough

Question 49

What is fundoscopy?

Answer 49

Seeing through pupil and into back of the eye for vessels and optic disc/nerve

Question 50

What is used to check the back of the eye?

Answer 50

An ophthalmoscope

Question 51

What is anisocoria?

Answer 51

Slight inequality in size of the pupils

Question 52

What is miosis?

Answer 52

Constriction of pupils

Question 53

What is mydriasis?

Answer 53

Dilation of pupils