Earth and Beyond (Assignment 2)

Question 1

What is the SIZE of the EARTH?

Answer 1

12 756 km

Question 2

What is the diameter from pole to pole (north pole to south pole)?

Answer 2

12 720 km

Question 3

Name the layers of the earth

Answer 3

• outer core
• mantle
• inner core
• crust

Question 4

Which layer is the THICKEST?

Answer 4

Core

Question 5

Explain the INNER core

Answer 5

Solid
As hot as the surface of the sun

Question 6

Explain the OUTER core

Answer 6

Liquid
Consists mainly of iron and nickel

Question 7

Explain the mantle

Answer 7

Mostly rocks
Becomes softer the deeper they go
Consists of NON-METALS - Silicon and oxygen
METAL - Magnesium

Question 8

Explain the CRUST

Answer 8

Thin shell consists of VOLCANIC rocks
Thickness varies: 8km on the ocean floor
50km on the continents

Question 9

What does the word LITOSPHERE mean?

Answer 9

Sphere of rocks

Question 10

What are the layers of the LITOSPHERE?

Answer 10

= Solid rock in the outer most part of the mantle
= thin, rocky crust covers the land and seabed
= soil covers the land and seabed

Question 11

Name the 3 types of rock in the Earth’s crust

Answer 11

1) Igneous
2) Sedimentary
3) Metamorphic

Question 12

IGNEOUS rock - how does it form?

Answer 12

Magma cools down and solidifies

Question 13

Give some examples of IGNEOUS rock

Answer 13

Granite
Basalt
Pumice stone

Question 14

What is IGNEOUS rock (example: granite/basalt/pumice stone) used for?

Answer 14

Grante - grave headstones & kitchen surfaces
Pumice stone - as sponges in bathrooms

Question 15

SEDIMENTARY rock - how is it formed?

Answer 15

Layers
of
sand,
silt
and clay
(squeezed together over a
very long time)

Question 16

Give some examples of SEDIMENTARY rock

Answer 16

Sandstone
Shale
Limestone

Question 17

What are the uses of SEDIMENTARY rock?
(For example: sandstone; shale; limestone)

Answer 17

Sandstone - construction of building
Limestone - used in cement manufacturing
and smelting

Question 18

What is silt?

Answer 18

VERY FINE particles, finer than sand but coarser than clay

Question 19

What is smelting?

Answer 19

Heating an ORE to extract the metal it contains

Question 20

How is METAMORPHIC ROCK formed?

Answer 20

Igneous OR Sedimentary rock are HEATED DEEP UNDERGROUND for a long time

Question 21

Give a few examples of METAMORPHIC ROCK type

Answer 21

Marble
Slate

Question 22

What is METAMORPHIC ROCK (example: Marble ; Slate) used for?

Answer 22

Used for statues; floor and roof tiles

Question 23

Imagine a church which is buildt with sandstone walls. What TYPE of rock is sandstone?

Answer 23

Sedimentary rock

Question 24

What is LAVA?

Answer 24

Magma that flows out unto the earth’s surface

Question 25

What do you call the scientific study of the structure and composition of the earth, especially the rocks?

Answer 25

Geology

Question 26

What do you call a person who studies rocks?

Answer 26

Geologist

Question 27

Explain the ROCK CYCLE step by step

Answer 27

* MOLTEN rock from the mantle (magma) pushes up * Pools of MAGMA cool down slowly in the crust to form igneous rock (granite) * Some magma escapes to the surface (now called LAVA) as a volcano * This magma cools down quickly to form igneous rock (pumice stone) * Rocks on the surface of the earth are WEATHERED (heat;cold;wind;water) to form smaller particles * Wind & water transport PARTICLES to plains and the sea by erosion * Particles are laid down as SEDIMENT * Sediment is covered by more layers * Pressure of many layers turns the lower layer into SEDIMENTARY rock (like sandstone) * Hot magma heats the surrounding rock and changes its chemical structure to form METAMORPHIC rock (like slate) * Some stones are pushed below the crust, melts and becomes magma again

Question 28

Name the factors responsible for the WEATHERING of rocks

Answer 28

Heat Cold Wind Water