EARTH AND ROCKS - Igneous and metamorphic rocks Flashcards
(16 cards)
1
Q
What are igneous and metamorphic rocks made of?
A
Crystals.
2
Q
Why are igneous and metamorphic rocks not porous?
A
They are made of crystals that don’t have any gaps between them.
3
Q
What are some properties of igneous rocks?
A
- Hard
- Durable - difficult to damage
- Non-porous
4
Q
What can igneous rocks be used for?
A
- Pavements
- Underneath the railway tracks
5
Q
What type of rock is granite?
A
Igneous rock
6
Q
How is granite formed?
A
- Unground liquid, called magma, cools
- It is hot underground, so magma cools slowly.
- Particles have time to arrange themselves into large crystals.
7
Q
What type of rock is basalt?
A
Igneous rock
8
Q
How is basalt formed?
A
- Above-ground liquid rock, called lava, cools
- It is cooler above ground, so lava cools fast.
- Particles don’t have time to arrange themselves so form small crystals.
9
Q
What type of rock is marble?
A
Metamorphic rock
10
Q
What type of rock is gneiss?
A
Metamorphic rock
11
Q
What type of rock is slate?
A
Metamorphic rock
12
Q
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
A
High heat and/or high pressure change existing rocks
13
Q
How is marble formed?
A
- Starts as limestone
- High heat underground heats the limestone
- Limestone’s particles are rearranged –> Marble
14
Q
How is Slate formed?
A
- Starts are mudstone
- High pressure underground squashes the mudstone.
- Water is squeezed out, making layers of crystals –> Slate
15
Q
What are some properties of metamorphic rocks?
A
- Hard
- Non-porous
16
Q
What can metamorphic rocks be used for?
A
- Kitchen worktops (marble)
- Roof tiles (slate)
