EARTH'S PROCESSES AND HISTORY: WITHIN THE EARTH

Question 1

Produce by partial melting of rocks in the crust and upper mantle

Answer 1

magma from solid rock

Question 2

Temperature increases within Earth’s crust average 20degrees to 30 degrees C / KM (Changes temperature)

Answer 2

Geothermal Gradient -

Question 3

lower crust and upper mantle
and any additional heat

Answer 3

Role of Heat

Question 4

increase confining pressure - increases rock’s melting temperature

Answer 4

ROLE OF PRESSURE

Question 5

volatile (primary water) cause rock to melt in lower temperatures

Answer 5

ROLE OF VOLATILES

Question 6

Process responsible for changing a magma’s composition

Answer 6

magmatic differentiation

Question 7

incomplete melting of magma

Answer 7

Partial Melting and magma formation

Question 8

Magmas of different composition are mixed together

Answer 8

Magma Mixing

Question 9

magma reacts with the “country rocks” which is adjacent to the magma chamber.

Answer 9

Assimilation

Question 10

formed in mid-ocean ridges by decompression melting or at subduction zones migrate upward

Answer 10

BASALTIC MAGMA

Question 11

partial melting of ultramafic rock (ex: peroditite, dunite, pyroxenite, Coarse grained rocks rich on magnesium and iron )

Answer 11

BASALTIC MAGMA

Question 12

Interaction between mantle-derived basaltic magmas and more silica-rich rocks in the crust generate_______

Answer 12

magma of andesitic composition

Question 13

believed to be generated in the wedge of mantle rock below the crust and above the subducted plate or within the subducted plate itself.

Answer 13

ANDESITIC MAGMA

Question 14

end product of crystallization of andesitic magma viscous than other magmas

Answer 14

GRANITIC MAGMA

Question 15

form a molten rock that cools and solidifies

Answer 15

Igneous rock

Question 16

Parent material of igneous rocks

Answer 16

magma

Question 17

Form from partial melting of rocks inside of the Earth

Answer 17

magma

Question 18

magma that reaches the surface is ______

Answer 18

lava

Question 19

formed from lava at the surface

Answer 19

Volcanic Rocks

Question 20

formed from magma that crystallized at depth

Answer 20

Plutonic Rocks

Question 21

temperature to melt rocks is between:

Answer 21

600 and 1,300 degrees Celsius (1,100 and 2,400 degrees Fahrenheit

Question 22

the term which covers all kinds of volcanic activities and the heat of the planet is trapped inside it.

Answer 22

Volcanism

Question 23

a process that gives rise to magma and causes its movements in the earth. It also covers espulsion of gases, lava, and solid materials from opening in the crust.

Answer 23

Volcanism

Question 24

is a vent, hill, or mountain from which molten or hot rock and gaseous materials are ejected.

Answer 24

Volcano

Question 25

As of February 2021,
Active Volcanoes - ___

Answer 25

24

Question 26

number of volcanoes in PH

Answer 26

300

Question 27

called as oozing type of volcano. The fluid of lava spreads out quickly to form a broad cone with gentle slopes.

Answer 27

Quiet

Question 28

explode with unbelievable violence. The eruption is often preceded by loud rumblings and earthquakes.

Answer 28

Explosive

Question 29

between quiet and explosive types. Sometime quiet, sometimes explosive, or combination of both

Answer 29

Intermediate

Question 30

the largest amount of volcanic materials are extruded from cracks in the crust

Answer 30

Fissure

Question 31

primary material extruded from a volcano

Answer 31

LAVA

Question 32

molten rock inside a volcano

Answer 32

MAGMA

Question 33

the term magma comes from the Greek word that means “__________”

Answer 33

kneaded mixture

Question 34

magma are not liquid but combination of:

Answer 34

liquid gas and solid.

Question 35

added as huge slabs of crust slide past each other at the subduction zones by friction.

Answer 35

heat

Question 36

the transformation of one rock type into another.

Answer 36

Metamorphism

Question 37

the natural phenomenon cannot be prevented, we can prepare for them

Answer 37

EARTHQUAKE

Question 38

the location of earthquakes.

Answer 38

Fault in earth crust

Question 39

is a sudden, rapid shaking of Earth caused by a release of energy stored in rocks

Answer 39

EARTHQUAKE

Question 40

caused by plate tectonics

Answer 40

Tectonic Earthquakes

Question 41

They account for most earthquakes worldwide and usually occur at the boundaries of tectonic plates.

Answer 41

Tectonic Earthquakes

Question 42

caused by human activity,

Answer 42

Induced Earthquakes

Question 43

associated with active volcanism. They are generally not as powerful as tectonic quakes and often occur relatively near the surface.

Answer 43

Volcanic Earthquakes

Question 44

can be triggered by such phenomena as cave-ins, mostly in karst areas or close to mining facilities, as a result of subsidence.

Answer 44

Collapse Earthquakes

Question 45

Fault has two parts: The ________, which is a block of rock above the fault line or above the crack in rocks.

Answer 45

HANGINGWALL

Question 46

The _______ Which is block of rock below the fault line.

Answer 46

FOOTWALL,

Question 47

3 types of stress

Answer 47

compression
tension
shear

Question 48

happens when rock is squeezed until it folds or breaks in convergent boundary.

Answer 48

COMPRESSION

Question 49

happens when the rock is pulled causing it to be stretched in divergent boundary.

Answer 49

TENSION

Question 50

when the forces that push rocks and faults in opposite directions.

Answer 50

SHEAR

Question 51

compression fault

Answer 51

reverse fault

Question 52

shear fault

Answer 52

strikeslip fault

Question 53

tension fault

Answer 53

normal fault