Earth's Rotation And Time

Question 1

What are latitudes?

Answer 1

Imaginary horizontal lines that run across the globe from east to west, parallel to each other.

They indicate the distance north or south of the Equator.

Question 2

What are longitudes?

Answer 2

Imaginary vertical lines that run from the top to bottom or north to south of the globe, meeting at the north and south poles.

They indicate the distance east or west of the Prime Meridian.

Question 3

Is PNG located right on the Equator?

Answer 3

True or False

Question 4

Do you think PNG is situated in the Western Hemisphere?

Answer 4

True or False

Question 5

Is the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What is the significance of the Prime Meridian?

Answer 6

It is the line of 0° longitude from which all other longitudes are measured.

Question 7

What are the four different hemispheres?

Answer 7

• Northern Hemisphere
• Southern Hemisphere
• Eastern Hemisphere
• Western Hemisphere

These hemispheres are determined by the Equator and the Prime Meridian.

Question 8

What is the International Date Line?

Answer 8

An imaginary line at approximately 180° longitude where the date changes by one day when crossed.

Question 9

What are high latitude climates?

Answer 9

Climates characterized as cold, typically found near the poles.

Examples include Arctic and Antarctic regions.

Question 10

What are mid-latitude climates?

Answer 10

Temperate climates found between high and low latitudes.

These regions often experience four distinct seasons.

Question 11

What are low latitude tropical climates?

Answer 11

Hot climates generally found near the Equator.

These areas typically have high temperatures year-round and significant rainfall.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The _______ is located at 0° latitude.

Answer 12

Equator

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The _______ of Cancer is located at approximately 23.5° North latitude.

Answer 13

Tropic

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The _______ Circle is located at approximately 66.5° South latitude.

Answer 14

Antarctic

Question 15

True or False: The North Pole is at 90° South latitude.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

What is the latitude for the Tropic of Capricorn?

Answer 16

Approximately 23.5° South

Question 17

What does the term ‘IDL’ stand for?

Answer 17

International Date Line

Question 19

What is Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)?

Answer 19

GMT is the local time at the Greenwich Prime Meridian when it is 12 noon.

Question 20

How do times differ east and west of the Greenwich Meridian?

Answer 20

Times to the east of Greenwich are ahead of GMT, while times to the west are behind GMT.

Question 21

What is the significance of the International Date Line (IDL)?

Answer 21

The IDL is where a day is lost or gained when crossed.

Question 22

What happens when you cross the IDL from PNG to the Western Hemisphere?

Answer 22

You will find that places in the Western Hemisphere are still on Sunday.

Question 23

How many time zones are there in the world?

Answer 23

There are 24 time zones.

Question 24

How does the rotation of the Earth affect time zones?

Answer 24

The Earth takes 24 hours to complete a rotation, resulting in time differences.

Question 25

How do you calculate time differences between longitudes?

Answer 25

Subtract or add 1 hour for every 15° of longitude difference.

Question 26

What is the time difference between Port Moresby and Bangladesh?

Answer 26

Port Moresby is 4 hours ahead of Bangladesh.

Question 27

What is the time difference between Port Moresby and Guatemala City?

Answer 27

Port Moresby is 16 hours ahead of Guatemala City.

Question 28

How do you determine if a city is ahead or behind GMT?

Answer 28

Cities east of the Prime Meridian are ahead, and cities west are behind.

Question 29

What would be the time in city X if it is 11 am in London?

Answer 29

If city X is east of London, it would be ahead in time.

Question 30

What is the time difference when calling from Darwin to Canberra?

Answer 30

The time difference must be calculated based on their respective longitudes.

Question 31

What is the circle of illumination?

Answer 31

The boundary between the light and dark regions of Earth, depending partly on the length of daylight.

Question 32

What determines the angle of sunlight on Earth?

Answer 32

The angle at which the sun's rays strike the Earth.

Question 33

What is the aphelion distance from the sun?

Answer 33

152,171,500 km (farthest from the sun in early July).

Question 34

What is the perihelion distance from the sun?

Answer 34

147,166,480 km (closest to the sun in early January).

Question 35

What does the Earth's revolution around the sun influence?

Answer 35

The direction of movement but has no influence on speed.

Question 36

What is the Coriolis Effect?

Answer 36

The apparent deflection of moving objects due to Earth's rotation.

Question 37

Where is the Coriolis Effect strongest?

Answer 37

At the poles, decreasing progressively towards the equator.

Question 38

How does speed affect the Coriolis Effect?

Answer 38

It is proportional to the speed of the object; a fast-moving object will appear to be deflected more.

Question 39

In which direction does the Coriolis Effect deflect objects in the Northern Hemisphere?

Answer 39

To the right.

Question 40

In which direction does the Coriolis Effect deflect objects in the Southern Hemisphere?

Answer 40

To the left.

Question 41

What is the axis of the Earth?

Answer 41

The Earth rotates on its axis towards the east.

Question 42

What is the orientation of the Earth's axis?

Answer 42

The Earth's axis is always pointed towards Polaris, the North Star, regardless of where the Earth is in its orbit around the Sun.

Question 43

Is the Earth a perfect sphere?

Answer 43

No, the Earth is not a perfect sphere; it is slightly bulging in the middle and slightly flattened at the ends.

Question 44

What is the equatorial plane?

Answer 44

The equatorial plane is the plane that intersects the Earth's surface.

Question 45

How are angles measured on Earth?

Answer 45

Measured in degrees, minutes, or seconds.

Question 46

What do meridians represent?

Answer 46

Meridians are great semicircles that extend from one pole to another.

Question 47

What is the relationship between meridians and parallels?

Answer 47

Meridians cross all parallels perpendicularly and are aligned to a true north-south direction.

Question 48

How is the longitude of a place determined?

Answer 48

The longitude of any place on the Earth's surface is determined by measuring the angle between a plane connecting the poles and the plane of the prime meridian.

Question 49

What is the axis of the Earth?

Answer 49

The Earth rotates on its axis towards the east.

Question 50

What is the orientation of the Earth's axis?

Answer 50

The Earth's axis is always pointed towards Polaris, the North Star, regardless of where the Earth is in its orbit around the Sun.

Question 51

Is the Earth a perfect sphere?

Answer 51

No, the Earth is not a perfect sphere; it is slightly bulging in the middle and slightly flattened at the ends.

Question 52

What is the equatorial plane?

Answer 52

The equatorial plane is the plane that intersects the Earth's surface.

Question 53

How are angles measured on Earth?

Answer 53

Measured in degrees, minutes, or seconds.

Question 54

What do meridians represent?

Answer 54

Meridians are great semicircles that extend from one pole to another.

Question 55

What is the relationship between meridians and parallels?

Answer 55

Meridians cross all parallels perpendicularly and are aligned to a true north-south direction.

Question 56

How is the longitude of a place determined?

Answer 56

The longitude of any place on the Earth's surface is determined by measuring the angle between a plane connecting the poles and the plane of the prime meridian.