Earth Science

Question 1

Minerals

Answer 1

A natural solid substance that is found under the earths crust.

Question 2

Lithosphere

Answer 2

The outer-most part of the earths four layers, and is rigged.

Question 3

Magma

Answer 3

A thick liquid which shoots out of volcanoes,.

Question 4

Sediments

Answer 4

An object that falls to the bottom of a liquid.

Question 5

Lava

Answer 5

A liquid with the consistency of water but is much hotter than it.

Question 6

Igneous

Answer 6

A rock that has solidified from magma or lava

Question 7

Intrusive

Answer 7

A rock that has solidified in the Earths crust

Question 8

Extrusive

Answer 8

A rock that has solidified after an eruption of a volcano

Question 9

Batholith

Answer 9

A very large igneous rock that has solidified under the Earths crust

Question 10

Abrasive

Answer 10

A substance that is able polish a hard surface by grinding it

Question 11

Moh’s Scale

Answer 11

A scale invented by a scientist by the name of Moh to measure the hardness of an object

Question 12

Streak

Answer 12

Is when you strike a mineral against a surface and the colour it leaves behind

Question 13

Lustre

Answer 13

Is the amount of light that it reflects

Question 14

Sandstone

Answer 14

Is formed by compacted sand

Question 15

Shale

Answer 15

Is made out of layers of clay

Question 16

Mudstone

Answer 16

Is made out of mud

Question 17

Siltstone

Answer 17

Is made out of silt

Question 18

Coal

Answer 18

Is made out of dead organisms

Question 19

Limestone

Answer 19

Is made out dead sea organisms

Question 20

Rock Salt

Answer 20

Is made out of evaporation of salty water

Question 21

Metamorphism

Answer 21

The process that changes rocks by extreme pressure or heat

Question 22

Metamorphic Rock

Answer 22

Rock formed from another rock that has been under great heat or pressure

Question 23

Slate

Answer 23

A fine-grained metamorphic rock formed as a result of moderate heat and pressure on shale

Question 24

Marble

Answer 24

A metamorphic rock formed as a result of great pressure on limestone

Question 25

Gneiss

Answer 25

A coarse-grained metamorphic rock formed mainly as a result of great pressure on granite

Question 26

Sedimentary rock

Answer 26

rocks formed from sediments deposited by water, wind or ice. The sediments are cemented together in layers, under pressure.

Question 27

erosion

Answer 27

the wearing away and removal of soil and rock by natural elements, such as wind, waves, rivers and ice, and by human activity

Question 28

floodplain

Answer 28

flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods

Question 29

moraines

Answer 29

deposit left by movement of a glacier

Question 30

conglomerate

Answer 30

sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together

Question 31

mineral ores

Answer 31

rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemical within them

Question 32

mining

Answer 32

extraction of natural resources from the Earth

Question 33

EIS

Answer 33

study of the possible effects of a planned project on the environment

Question 34

rehabilitated

Answer 34

restored to its previous condition

Question 35

overburden

Answer 35

waste rock removed from below the topsoil. This rock is replaced when the area is restored.

Question 36

open cut mining

Answer 36

mining that scours out soil and rocks on the surface of the land

Question 37

underground mining

Answer 37

mining that uses shafts and tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface

Question 38

stone age

Answer 38

the time beginning about two million years ago during which early humans made implements of stone

Question 39

alloy

Answer 39

the time beginning about two million years ago during which early humans made implements of stone

Question 40

flint

Answer 40

a fine-grained sedimentary rock which leaves a very sharp edge when broken

Question 41

percussion flaking

Answer 41

a process in which tool stones such as flint or obsidian were struck with harder stones, such as quartzite, to shear large flakes that could be used to make small tools