Reproduction

Question 1

testes

Answer 1

organs that produce sperm and sex hormones

Question 2

scrotum

Answer 2

pouch of skin containing testes. It hangs outside the body to keep the sperm cooler than normal body temperature.

Question 3

vas deferens

Answer 3

The tube through which sperm cells travel from the testes to the penis

Question 4

prostate gland

Answer 4

Secretes some of the liquid that is added to sperm cells to form semen. The fluid secreted by the prostate gland is alkaline and contains many chemicals including enzymes. It plays an important role in keeping sperm cells alive once they enter the female reproductive system.

Question 5

seminal vesicle

Answer 5

Also contributes some of the liquid that makes up semen. The fluid produced by the seminal vesicle contains proteins, enzymes, sugar, vitamin C and other substances. The sugar provides a source of energy for sperm cells.

Question 6

urethra

Answer 6

The tube inside the penis through which semen leaves the male’s body

Question 7

penis

Answer 7

The penis swells during sexual arousal. Semen containing sperm cells is ejaculated (released) from the penis into the vagina.

Question 8

follicles

Answer 8

sacs containing egg cells

Question 9

fallopian tubes

Answer 9

tiny tubes joining the ovaries to the uterus. Fertilisation occurs in one of these tubes

Question 10

fertilisation

Answer 10

penetration of the ovum by a sperm

Question 11

puberty

Answer 11

life stage when the sex glands become active and bodily changes occur to enable reproduction

Question 12

hormones

Answer 12

chemical substances produced by glands and circulated in the blood. Hormones have specific effects in the body.

Question 13

menarche

Answer 13

the first menstrual period

Question 14

menstrual cycle

Answer 14

beginning of one period to the beginning of the next period

Question 15

sexual reproduction

Answer 15

joining together of male and female reproductive cells

Question 16

gametes

Answer 16

reproductive cells (sperm or ova) containing half the genetic information of normal cells

Question 17

sperm

Answer 17

male reproductive cell. It consists of a head, a middle section and a tail used to swim towards the egg.

Question 18

ova

Answer 18

female gametes or sex cells. Singular = ovum.

Question 19

zygote

Answer 19

cell formed by the fusion of two gametes; fertilised ovum before it starts to divide into more cells

Question 20

internal fertillisation

Answer 20

reproduction where the egg remains in the female and is fertilised by sperm inserted into the female

Question 21

copulation

Answer 21

the act of inserting sperm into the female; also called sexual intercourse or mating

Question 22

sexual intercoarse

Answer 22

act of inserting sperm into the female; also called copulation or mating

Question 23

epigenics

Answer 23

a new branch of science that involves studying the effect of our experiences on the expression of our genetic information

Question 24

nuclear DNA

Answer 24

genetic material passed on from both parents, from the nucleus of both the sperm and the ovum

Question 25

mtDNA

Answer 25

genetic material from the mitochondria, passed on only from the mother

Question 26

ejaculation

Answer 26

release of sperm

Question 27

semen

Answer 27

combination of fluid and sperm

Question 28

fraternal twins

Answer 28

twins developed from different fertilised eggs

Question 29

embryo

Answer 29

group of cells formed from the zygote and developing into different body organs

Question 30

implantation

Answer 30

the process whereby the embryo becomes embedded in the wall of the uterus

Question 31

fetus

Answer 31

the unborn young of an animal that has developed a distinct head, arms and legs

Question 32

placenta

Answer 32

an organ formed in the mother’s womb through which the baby receives food and oxygen from the mother’s blood and the baby’s wastes are removed

Question 33

gestation period

Answer 33

time spent by offspring developing in the uterus

Question 34

premature

Answer 34

describes a baby born less than 37 weeks after conception

Question 35

child birth

Answer 35

childbirth

Question 36

breech

Answer 36

describes a birth in which the baby is born feet first

Question 37

caeserean

Answer 37

operation to remove a baby by cutting the mother’s abdomen

Question 38

oxytocin

Answer 38

a hormone

Question 39

conception

Answer 39

embedding of a fertilised egg in the uterus wall

Question 40

contraception

Answer 40

prevention of fertilisation of an egg or prevention of a fertilised egg becoming embedded in the uterus wall

Question 41

contraceptives

Answer 41

devices or substances that prevent fertilisation of an egg or prevent a fertilised egg becoming embedded in the uterus wall

Question 42

transdermal pathes

Answer 42

skin applications containing hormones that are absorbed through the skin

Question 43

vaginal pills

Answer 43

soluble capsules containing spermicides that are placed in the vagina to prevent conception

Question 44

filshie clip

Answer 44

type of fallopian tube clamp

Question 45

testosterone

Answer 45

hormone injections that reduce sperm production

Question 46

anti-fertility vaccines

Answer 46

injections to control sperm and testosterone levels

Question 47

sperm duct plug

Answer 47

injection of a liquid plastic to block the sperm duct

Question 48

chemical sterilisation

Answer 48

oral medication that results in male infertility

Question 49

gossypol

Answer 49

a non-hormonal substance that occurs naturally in unrefined cottonseed oil. When taken orally, it reduces sperm count.

Question 50

infertility

Answer 50

the inability to have children

Question 51

sterile

Answer 51

describes a person unable to produce reproductive cells

Question 52

donor eggs

Answer 52

ova from another woman

Question 53

test tube babies

Answer 53

babies resulting from fertilisation of eggs by sperm in the laboratory

Question 54

surrogacy

Answer 54

pregnancy that occurs when the fertilised egg is placed in the uterus of another woman who did not produce the egg

Question 55

Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis

Answer 55

a procedure to diagnose and exclude genetic abnormalities in embryos before implantation into the mother’s body

Question 56

ultrasound

Answer 56

sound with frequencies too high for humans to hear

Question 57

amneocentesis

Answer 57

removal and testing of fluid from the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus

Question 58

corionis villus samling

Answer 58

removal and testing of fluid from the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus

Question 59

flowers

Answer 59

the reproductive part of angiosperms containing petals, stamens and carpels. They are often colourful to attract pollinating insects.

Question 60

petals

Answer 60

the coloured parts of a flower that attract insects

Question 61

nectaries

Answer 61

parts of a flower, at the base of the petals, that secrete nectar

Question 62

pollen

Answer 62

fine powder containing the pollen grains (the male sex cells of a plant)

Question 63

stigma

Answer 63

the female part of a flower, at the top of the carpel, that catches the pollen during pollination