earthquake/volcano Flashcards
(20 cards)
A break in a body of rock along which one block slides relative to another; a form of brittle strain
fault
Is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur
ring of fire
A type of strike-slip fault that accommodates the relative horizontal slip between other tectonic elements
transform / strike-slip
Is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other
divergent / normal
Is a region of active deformation where two or more tectonic plates or fragments of the lithosphere are near the end of their life cycle
convergent / reverse
A longitudinal earthquake wave that travels through the interior of the earth and is usually the first conspicuous wave to be recorded by a seismograph
P-waves
Is a wave motion in a solid medium where the medium moves perpendicular to the direction of the travel of the wave
S-waves
The point on the earth’s surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake
epicenter
A central point, as of attraction, attention, or activity
focus
A magnitude number to quantify the size of an earthquake
Richter scale
Is a volcanic term to describe a violent, explosive type of eruption
explosive volcano
Is a non-explosive or effusive eruption
nonexplosive volcano
Is a volcanic island situated in the Sundas Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Indonesian province of Lampung
Krakatoa
is a volcanic caldera and super volcano in Yellowstone National Park in the Western United States, sometimes referred to as the Yellowstone Super volcano
Yellowstone super volcano
Is a continental transform fault that extends roughly 1,200 kilometers through California
San Andrea’s fault
A long, seismically active submarine ridge system situated in the middle of an ocean basin and marking the site of the up welling of magma associated with seafloor spreading
Mid-oceanic ridge
A broad, domed volcano with gently sloping sides, characteristic of the eruption of fluid, basaltic lava
shield volcano
A steep, conical hill consisting of glassy volcanic fragments that accumulate around and downwind from a volcanic vent
cinder cone volcano
Is a conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash
composite volcano
A small area or region with a relatively hot temperature in comparison to its surroundings
hot spot
