earthquakes

Question 1

natural hazard

Answer 1

a natural event(earthquake, volcano) that threatens people or has the potential to cause damage, destruction and death

Question 2

natural disaster

Answer 2

when a natural hazard interacts with a vunerable population

Question 3

convection currents

Answer 3

heat from core melts rocks in lower mantle

molten rock rises at the crust, some magma escapes at volcanoes

most magma forced sideways, dragging the plates

magma cools and sinks

Question 4

ridge push

Answer 4

new crust rises when heated and creates a ridge

it pushes older crust away from the ridge

Question 5

slab pull

Answer 5

old crust is cooler and thicker than the hot mantle, so it sinks to the mantle pulling the plate downwards

Question 6

oceanic crust and continental crust key differences

Answer 6

oceanic:
made of basalt rock
average thickness, 7km
denser 2.9g/cm3
can be subducted
younger

continental:
mainly made of granite rock
average thickness, 30-50km
less dense 2.7g/cm3
not often subducted
older

Question 7

composite volcanoes formed

Answer 7

when oceanic plate subducted in the mantle and magma rises up through the crust

Question 8

what is destructive plate

Answer 8

oceanic and continental collide
denser oceanic crust subducts beneath less dense continental crust

Question 9

what is constructive plate

Answer 9

plates move apart allowing new magma to rise and form new land

Question 10

what is conservative plate

Answer 10

plates slide past eachother
they can lock together for years, building energy
eventually, the energy releases

Question 11

hazards formed in destructive plates

Answer 11

earthquakes
tsunamis
composite volcanoes

Question 12

hazards formed in constructive plates

Answer 12

earthquakes
tsunami
shield volcanoes

Question 13

hazards formed in conservative plates

Answer 13

earthquakes

Question 14

landforms in destructive plates

Answer 14

fold mountains
deep ocean trenches

Question 15

landforms at constructive plates

Answer 15

mid ocean ridge
underwater volcanoes

Question 16

landforms at conservative plates

Answer 16

faults

Question 17

destructive plate example

Answer 17

nazca > south american

Question 18

constructive plate example

Answer 18

north american < > eurasion
nazca < > pacific

Question 19

conservative plate example

Answer 19

san andreas fault

Question 20

primary effect

Answer 20

effects that happen immediately after or during the shaking of the earthquake

Question 21

secondary effect

Answer 21

a long term effect that occurs as a result of the primary effect

Question 22

social impact

Answer 22

impact on society

Question 23

economic impact

Answer 23

impact on money

Question 24

NGO

Answer 24

non governmental organisation
someone who is not tied to polotics or government e.g. oxfam

Question 25

international aid

Answer 25

assisstance from another country

Question 26

immediate response

Answer 26

solve primary effects such as deaths and injuries

Question 27

long term responses

Answer 27

important for secondary responses
responses that go on for months and years after a disaster

Question 28

appropriate technology

Answer 28

technology that is suited to the needs, skills, resources, wealth and knowledge of the people who live in a local area for the environment in which they live

Question 29

seismic gap

Answer 29

an area on a known earthquake fault where earthquake activity has not happened for a while

Question 30

deaths in nepal

Answer 30

9000

Question 31

injuries nepal

Answer 31

20 000

Question 32

schools destroyed nepal

Answer 32

7000

Question 33

deaths christchurch

Answer 33

181

Question 34

schools destroyed christchurch

Answer 34

9

Question 35

christchurch economic damage

Answer 35

$3.5 billion

Question 36

nepal economic damage

Answer 36

$5 billion

Question 37

chemical toilets sent CC

Answer 37

27 000

Question 38

examples of immediate responses

Answer 38

rescue teams
tents, 500 000
road blocks
emergency aid
evacuation

Question 39

secondary responses examples

Answer 39

rebuilt schools - hospitals
field hospitals
seeds provided