EARTHQUAKES Flashcards
(24 cards)
what are primary impacts from seismic hazards
ground shaking causes :
buildings collapsed
power outage
roads and railway damage
water and gas lines damaged
schools destroyed
immediate loss of life
injuries
soil liquesfication
secondary impacts of a earthquake
landslides and avalanches
tsunamis
fires from gas leaks
soil liquefaction
effects on people and build environment
predicting seismic hazards
very difficult to predict
regions are risk are identified
attempts to predict seismic hazards by monitoring water levels
what ideas are there about preventing seismic hazards
almost impossible
studies done to prevent plates from sliding past each other
what are the 2 methods of protection
mitigation and adaptation
what does mitigation mean
make the impact of the earthquake smaller
what does adaption mean
making adaptions to lifestyles to reduce the impact of a earthquake
how does plate movements cause earthquakes
slow build up of stress within rocks
when pressure is released parts of the surface experience intense shaking
what is the focus
the point at which pressure is released in the earthquake
what is the epicentre
the point immediately above the focus on the earths surface
how are earthquakes meseaured
Richter scale
what is soil liquefaction
when the soil is violently shaken , soils with high water content loose strength and behave like liquid
what are landslides and avalanches
slope failure as result of ground shaking
tsunamis
giant sea waves made by shallow focus underwater earthquakes
fires in response to a earthquake
result from broken glass pipes and collapsed electricity transmission system
what are 8 methods of protection from seismic hazards
land use planning
hazard restraint structures
education
insurance
fire prevention
aid
emergency services
tsunami protection
expand hazard resistant structures
building designed to be earthquake resistant
rubber shock absorbers in foundations
add cross bracing
expand on education as a protection method
in many places the main way deaths are li fitted are when authorities give instructions
children have earthquake drills in schools and well as people in offices
expand land use planning as a protection method
hazardous land can be identified and regulated
certain buildings should be put in low risk areas
expand on insurance as a protection method
richer areas , people are encouraged to take out insurance to cover loses
fire prevention as a protection method
smart metres cut gas is a sufficient magnitude is reached
aid as a protection method
aid to poorer countries has generally been to help in the days after the event
medical service , tents and water purification , search and rescuers
emergency services as method of protection
heavy lifting gear needs to be available as well as people given first aid training
search and rescuers
tsunami protection
cannot be entirely predicted but systems can be put in place to produce warning systems
pacific warning system is in hawaii
