EAS 210 - Midterm 1 Sample 2 Flashcards by Cassidy Phillips

Which of the following is not true of minerals? They are (have) _________
A. crystalline
B. characteristic physical properties
C. organic
D. naturally occurring
E. definite chemical composition

C. organic

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Bonding in olivine is __________
A. ionic
B. covalent
C. ionic and covalent
D. ionic and van der Waals
E. metallic and covalent

C. ionic and covalent

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Which of the following minerals has the lowest hardness?
A. apatite
B. calcite
C. gypsum
D. talc
E. potassium feldspar

D. talc

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The hardness of quartz on the Moh scale is _____
A. H = 4
B. H = 5
C. H = 6
D. H = 7
E. H = 8

D. H = 7

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Which of the following is a mineral that fizzes strongly when contacted with hydrochloric acid?
A. calcite
B. dolomite
C. dolostone
D. quartz
E. limestone

A. calcite

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Which one of the following correctly matches a mineral with the mineral class it belongs to?
A. Sulphur; Sulphide
B. Garnet; Silicate
C. Galena; Sulphate
D. Hematite; Carbonate
E. Gypsum; Oxide

B. Garnet; Silicate

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___________ is not a silicate mineral
A. olivine
B. pyroxene
C. biotite
D. corundum
E. kyanite

D. corundum

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Plagioclase feldspar is composed of _____________ silica tetrahedra
A. isolated
B. single chains of
C. double chains of
D. continuous sheets of
E. a 3-D framework of

E. a 3-D framework of

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What is the ratio of the number of oxygen to silicon atoms in pyroxene?
A. 4:1
B. 3:1
C. 2.5:1
D. 2:1
E. 1.5:1

B. 3:1

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___________ is a carbonate mineral.
A. dolomite
B. gypsum
C. sylvite
D. halite
E. C and D

A. dolomite

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__________ is not an oxide mineral.
A. alumina
B. hematite
C. magnetite
D. augite
E. uraninite

D. augite

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___________ is a sulphide mineral.
A. corundum
B. anhydrite
C. gypsum
D. pyrite
E. sylvite

D. pyrite

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The upper mantle is composed mainly of which rock?
A. peridotite
B: forsterite
C. fayalite
D. olivine
E. pyroxene

A. peridotite

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Magma is slowly cooling in a magma chamber under equilibrium conditions. Which will be
the last mineral to crystallize?
A. biotite
B. plagioclase feldspar
C. K-feldspar
D. quartz
E. muscovite

D. quartz

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The texture of igneous rocks where all grains are large enough to see without magnification is
A. aphanitic
B. porphyritic
C. apathetic
D. pyroclastic
E. phaneritic

E. phaneritic

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Igneous rocks that experience a two-stage cooling history have a __________ texture.
A. phaneritic
B. propolytic
C. prophetic
D. pyroclastic
E. porphyritic

E. porphyritic

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A batholith is an igneous intrusion with a surface area greater than ______ square kilometers.
A. 1
B. 10
C. 100
D. 1000
E. 10000

C. 100

Fine-grained (<2 mm) pyroclastic material is called ________
A. ash
B. breccia
C. pahoehoe
D. tuff
E. lapilli

A. ash

Shield volcanoes are composed of what type of lava?
A. andesite
B. basalt
C. dacite
D. rhyolite
E. carbonatite

B. basalt

Which of the following is a thin, tabular or sheet-like igneous intrusive body forced between
layers of sedimentary rock?
A. batholith
B. dike
C. sill
D. stock
E. laccolith

C. sill

Which of the following statements about igneous rocks is true?
A. Extrusive rocks have larger crystals than intrusive rocks.
B. Extrusive rocks cool more slowly than intrusive rocks.
C. Intrusive rocks form by crystallization of lava.
D. Extrusive rocks always have a different chemical composition compared to intrusive rocks.
E. Intrusive rocks will not contain glass.

E. Intrusive rocks will not contain glass.

Which of the following minerals is not commonly found in felsic igneous rocks?
A. plagioclase feldspar
B. potassium feldspar
C. pyroxene
D. quartz
E. amphibole

C. pyroxene

Mechanical weathering is most rapid in climates that are _____
A. cold and dry
B. cold and humid
C. hot and dry
D. hot and humid
E. warm and dry

B. cold and humid

The most common natural acid contributing to chemical weathering is _______
A. carbonic acid
B. hydrochloric acid
C. nitric acid
D. sulphuric acid
E. hydrofluoric acid

A. carbonic acid

Which of the following minerals is not generally found in sedimentary rocks? A. calcite B. feldspar C. quartz D. dolomite E. olivine

E. olivine

The difference between breccia and conglomerate is that A. breccias are sediments, and conglomerates are sedimentary rocks B. conglomerates are sediments, and breccias are sedimentary rocks C. breccias have rounded clasts and conglomerates have angular clasts D. conglomerates have rounded clasts and breccias have angular clasts E. the clasts have different composition in breccias and conglomerates

D. conglomerates have rounded clasts and breccias have angular clasts

Sediment with an average grain size of 0.5 mm would be called __________ A. silt B. clay C. sand D. gravel E. ooze

C. sand

A _________ is a sedimentary rock formed by underwater avalanches of sediment and water A. conglomerate B. rhythmite C. stromatolite D. varve E. turbidite

E. turbidite

_____________ is the most common chemical sedimentary rock A. travertine B. gypsum C. limestone D. dolomite E. calcite

C. limestone

The first group of minerals to precipitate in evaporite formation are __________ A. carbonates B. gypsum C. halite D. potash salts E. sulphides

A. carbonates

Which of the following evaporite minerals takes water into its crystal structure as it forms? A. calcite B. gypsum C. halite D. potash E. all of the above

B. gypsum

Cross-bedding can be formed by: A. the action of wind B. the action of water currents in streams C. the action of water currents in streams and the action of wind D. the motion of glaciers E. none of the above

C. the action of water currents in streams and the action of wind

The mineral _____________ is formed by high grade metamorphism A. chlorite B. sillimanite C. biotite D. kyanite E. quartz

B. sillimanite

Which of the following metamorphic rocks does not form from a mudrock/shale? A. gneiss B. quartzite C. schist D. slate E. phyllite

B. quartzite

A metamorphic rock containing more than 50% platy minerals would be ______ A. marble B. schist C. shale D. staurolite E. sillimanite

B. schist

A shale undergoes Barrovian metamorphism. What sequence of rocks will be observed as the pressure and temperature increase? A. slate - phyllite - gneiss - schist B. phyllite - slate - gneiss - schist C. slate - phyllite - schist - gneiss D. phyllite - slate - schist - gneiss E. none of the above

C. slate - phyllite - schist - gneiss

Which of the following always changes during metamorphism? A. chemical composition B. mineralogy C. texture D. all of the above E. none of the above

C. texture

In metamorphic rocks, the large crystals set in a finer-grained groundmass are called: A. amygdules B. beerblasts C. phenocrysts D. porphyroblasts E. xenocrysts

D. porphyroblasts

A rock containing the mineral _______ is probably metamorphic A. halite B. olivine C. biotite D. kyanite E. plagioclase

D. kyanite

Blueschist metamorphic rocks are formed in which geological setting? A. continent – continent collisions B. subduction zones C. igneous intrusive activity D. meteorite impact craters E. igneous extrusive activity

B. subduction zones

_______ is a metamorphic rock formed in the ductile part of a fault in the lower crust A. Mylonite B. Cataclasite C. Clathrate D. Quartzite E. Granulite

A. Mylonite

The rock formed by metamorphism of limestone is ________________ A. calcite B. quartzite C. phyllite D. granulite E. marble

E. marble