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Physics > Eat > Flashcards

Eat Flashcards

1
Q

Viscosity

A

the flow of a liquid, how fast a liquid flows

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2
Q

Low viscosity

A

runny

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3
Q

High viscosity

A

sticky, thick

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4
Q

Laminar Flow

A

At low velocities a fluid tends to flow without lateral mixing and adjacent layers slide past one another - liquid is streamlined, no abrupt changes in direction or speed

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5
Q

Stoke’s Law relies on

A

Laminar flow

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6
Q

Turbulent flow

A

different layers of fluid cross over and mix, there is changing speeds and directions and little eddies are formed throughout the path - this occurs when the rate of flow reaches a critical level or an obstacle is in the way

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7
Q

Thixotrophy

A

Normally it doesn’t flow but when a force is exerted on it the viscosity lessens and it flows. When the force is again removed the viscosity increases and it stops flowing again (e.g. margarine)

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8
Q

Negative thixotrophy

A

normally it flows but when a force is exerted on it it hardens

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9
Q

How to measure flow rates?

A

measure mass (mass flow rate) or volume (volume flow rate) collected in a time interval

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10
Q

Hard material

A

a material that is not readily scratched or indented (e.g. diamond)

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11
Q

Stiff material

A
  • doesn’t easily change shape when a force is applied - large load causes small deformation
  • doesn’t extend much (e.g. steel)
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12
Q

Elastic material

A
  • retains original shape when stretched

- when an object returns to its original shape after the load is removed (e.g. rubber)

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13
Q

Plastic material

A
  • extends irreversibly

- when an object is deformed and doesn’t return to its original shape after the load is removed

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14
Q

Ductile material

A

-can be drawn into wires (e.g. copper)

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15
Q

Malleable material

A
  • can be deformed and moulded into shape with a force

- can be hammered into sheets (e.g. gold)

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16
Q

Strong material

A
  • large force is required to make it break

- high breaking stress (e.g. steel)

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17
Q

Brittle material

A
  • little force is required to crack and break it

- no plastic deformation (e.g. glass)

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18
Q

Tough material

A
  • requires lots of force to break

- high energy density (e.g. mild steel, rubber tyres)

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19
Q

Forces on a falling/rising ball bearing through a fluid

A

Upthrust, Viscous Drag, Weight

20
Q

Viscous drag force

A

described by the relationship known as Stoke’s law

21
Q

Archimede’s principle

A

the size of the upthrust on the ball bearing - buoyancy force on an object in a fluid is equal to the mass of the displaced fluid

22
Q

How does temperature affect the viscosity?

A

the higher the temperature the lower the viscosity

23
Q

Why are small objects used to test viscous drag and viscosity?

A

because larger objects have a big enough drag that it can’t be ignored unlike the drag on smaller objects

24
Q

Viscous drag

A
  • particles move past each other with different velocities, frictional forces between them can slow the flow
  • size of the force depends on the viscosity of the fluid
25
Q

Weak material

A

-low breaking stress (e.g. polystyrene)

26
Q

Flexible material

A

-has a low young modulus (e.g. natural rubber)

27
Q

Soft material

A

-surface is easily scratched (e.g. plastic)

28
Q

Hooke’s Law

A

Force is proportional to the extension

29
Q

Tensile

A

forces stretch the spring

30
Q

Compressive

A

forces squash the spring

31
Q

How would you identify a stiff material on a force extension graph?

A

There would be a straight line - the steeper the line the stiffer the material

32
Q

How would you identify a plastic material on a force extension graph?

A

The line would curve

33
Q

What regions can be identified on a force extension graph?

A
  • elastic region
  • elastic limit
  • limit of proportionality
  • plastic deformation
  • break point
34
Q

What is the limit of proportionality on a force extension graph?

A

the point where the material is still elastic and will return to its original shape but doesn’t act normally

35
Q

What is the elastic limit?

A

where the material turns from elastic to plastic so no longer returns to its original shape

36
Q

What is the break point?

A

the end of the line - the force will cause the material to break

37
Q

Where is the plastic deformation?

A

where the line begins to curve

38
Q

Stress

A

force per unit area

39
Q

Strain

A

ratio of extension to original length

40
Q

Refraction

A

as light/ a wave passes through a boundary into a more/less dense material it will change speed causing it to change direction

41
Q

Polarization

A

light goes in all directions however when a polarizing lens is used it blocks the light in one plane (going in one direction)

42
Q

Polarized glasses

A

stop light going in one plane, reducing the amount of light going into your eye

43
Q

Magnetic field

A

a region in which a magnet experiences a force - its direction is that in which the north seeking pole of a needle would point

44
Q

Electric field

A

a region in which a charged particle experiences a force - its direction is the direction of the force on a positively charged particle

45
Q

Electromagnetic waves

A

electric and magnetic waves - oscillate at 90° to each other and the direction of travel

46
Q

Which waves can be plane polarized?

A

only electromagnetic can be plane polarized and are affected by a polarizing filter - not longitudinal

47
Q

Polarizing filters angle

A

work at 90° to each other

Physics (12 decks)

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