Eating and Feeding and Sleep Disorders

Question 1

What are the different types of feeding and eating disorders?

Answer 1

• Pica
• Rumination Disorder
• Avoidant / Restrictive Food Intake
• Anorexia Nervosa
• Bulimia Nervosa
• Binge-Eating Disorder

Question 2

Eating Disorders effect who the most?

Answer 2

• Eating disorders like bulimia nervosa & anorexia nervosa often affect people of high school or college age, especially young women (disproportionately).
  
  • Incidence tends to be significantly higher in females than males.

Question 3

What are the 2 Main Types of Eating Disorders?

Answer 3

Two Main Types: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

Question 4

What is Anorexia Nervosa?

Answer 4

Anorexia Nervosa: An eating disorder primarily affecting young women, characterized by maintenance of an abnormally low body weight, distortions of body image, intense fear of gaining weight, and, in females, amenorrhea (cessation of monthly cycle).

Question 5

What is the DSM-5 Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa?

Answer 5

• A. Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, leading to a significantly low body weight in the context of age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health. Significantly low weight is defined as a weight that is less than minimally normal or, for children and adolescents, less than that minimally expected.
• B. Intense fear of gaining weight or of becoming fat, or persistent behaviour that interferes with weight gain, even though at a significantly low weight. → eg. excessive working out
  C. Disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation, or persistent lack of recognition of the seriousness of the current low body weight.
• Type: Restricting Type vs. Binge-Eating/Purging Type.
  
  • restricting → person doesn’t vomit
  • 2nd one → anorexia nervosa superimposed on bulimia

Question 6

What are the tolls for gauging body image distortion?

Answer 6

• Severity is based largely on Body Mass Index (BMI), which is calculated from weight (in kilograms) and height (in meters).
• Problem: (fails to take body composition into account)
  
  • and does not talk about the issue from a behavioural standpoint → is solely focused on physical
  • you can have 2 ppl of same height and weight → one who is fat and one who is muscular and fit and so does not tell accurate picture
• BMI = kg / m2 Low end of normal range is considered to be 18.5 by WHO and CDC, with 17.0 considered “moderate to severe “thinness”
  
  • Mild ≥ 17
  • Moderate 16 – 16.99
  • Severe 15 – 15.99
  • Extreme < 15
• In partial remission (some but not all criteria met for a “sustained period of time”)
  
  • partial → person has gained weight for a certain period of time → not yet in healthy range
  • sustained → longer period of time → whether or not there is a change in body mass index
• In full remission (no criteria met for a “sustained period of time”)

Question 7

What are the Medical Complications of Anorexia?

Answer 7

• Amenorrhea
  
  • Low estrogen
  • cessation in monthly menstrual cycle
• Osteoporosis → lowering of density of the bones
  
  • Fractures very easily → brittle
  • Inadequate dietary calcium
• Kidney damage
  
  • Dehydration
  • Laxative abuse → excreted through kidneys
• Heart arrhythmias
  
  • any interference with the normal heart rate and rhythm
• Hypotension
  
  • stand up too quickly, may feel faint and pass out
• Anemia
• Death (about 15% of patients)
  
  • Malnutrition
  • Suicide
    
    • depression can go hand in hand with this risk as well
    • and can lead to conflict in families