EBD

Question 1

Earliest dentist

Answer 1

2600 BC

Question 2

3 parts of EBD

Answer 2

Scientific evidence
Dentists skill
Patient’s needs

Question 3

5 steps for EBD

Answer 3

Formulate question
Find evidence
Review evidence
Integrate evidence
Evaluate

Question 4

PICO definition and examples

Answer 4

Population (for who)
Intervention (treatment)
Comparison (alternative treatment)
Outcome

Question 5

Levels of evidence

Answer 5

Systematic review
RCT
Cohort
Case control
Case series
Case reports
Opinions
Animal research
Test tube

S R cohort CC CS CR OAT

Question 6

T/F longitudinal studies/cohort studies are able to provide diagnosis, prognosis and causation

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

What’s more important, methodology or stats

Answer 7

Methodology

Question 8

Endemic

Answer 8

Usual occurrence of a disease in a pop

Question 9

Epidemic

Answer 9

Increase in occurrence of disease in a pop

Question 10

Pandemic

Answer 10

Spread of disease across world or large region

Question 11

Independent variable: _ of interest

Answer 11

Exposure

Question 12

Dependent variable: _ of interest

Answer 12

Outcome

Question 13

5 criteria for assessing causality

Answer 13

Strength of association
Temporal sequence
Dose-response relationship
Biological credibility
Consistency of findings across studies

Question 14

T/F weak association means there is no cause and effect

Answer 14

FALSE

Question 15

4 ways to quantify in epidemiology

Answer 15

Nominal - names
Ordinal - order of severity
Interval - numbers, no true zero
Ratio - defined zero

Question 16

Prevalence vs incidence

Answer 16

Prevalence = # of cases/# of people in population

Incidence = # of new cases/population at risk

Question 17

T/F prevalence is a rate

Answer 17

FALSE

Question 18

T/F incidence is a rate

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

Observational vs experimental

Answer 19

O: observe outcomes, don’t try to affect them
E: manipulate exposure to compare outcomes

Question 20

3 types of observational studies

Answer 20

Cohort
Case control
Cross sectional

Question 21

Cohort studies do what

Answer 21

Follow participants in time

Question 22

When are cohort studies good

Answer 22

Assessing rare exposures (not diseases)

Question 23

Case control studies look at diseased people vs non-diseased people. Cases and controls should differ only on _

Answer 23

Their past exposure

Question 24

Case control studies work well for _

Answer 24

Rare diseases

Question 25

Cross-sectional studies select subjects based on _

Answer 25

Neither exposure or disease status

Question 26

Impact factor calculation

Answer 26

of citations in year/total articles published past 2 yr

Question 27

Internal vs external validity

Answer 27

I: degree to which results approximate the truth E: extent to which effects are applicable to broader population

Question 28

Continuous vs discrete

Answer 28

Continuous is .1.2.2.3.2. | Discrete has limited possible values 1,2,3,4,

Question 29

Stronger correlation has a _ number

Answer 29

Closer to 1 or -1

Question 30

High r^2 means what

Answer 30

Better fit of the regression line

Question 31

Type 1 error

Answer 31

Rejects null hypothesis that is true Thinks there is something, but there isn’t

Question 32

Type II

Answer 32

Fails to reject null that is false Thinks there isn’t something, but there is

Question 33

Confidence interval of 95

Answer 33

If done multiple times, confidence interval will include correct value 95% of the time

Question 34

T test compares what

Answer 34

Mean of continuous outcome b/t two groups

Question 35

Chi squared

Answer 35

Compares proportion of subjects in two groups who have a dichotomous outcome (diabetes and perio)

Question 36

ANOVA

Answer 36

Compares several populations

Question 37

T/F Statistics do not tell you about causality

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

Two main types of bias

Answer 38

Selection | Information

Question 39

Confounding

Answer 39

Outcome is due to a third variable