ebm

Question 1

5 A’s of ebb

Answer 1

Ask
Access
appraise
apply
asses

Question 2

Ask acronym

Answer 2

PICO
population, intervention, control/comparison, outcome

Question 3

ask databases

Answer 3

Pubmed, Cochrane library, Ovid medicine

Question 4

what are the boolean operators

Access

Answer 4

AND-narrows down ( needs both in paper)
NOT- narrows down ( can’t have a certain word)
ADJ- narrows down ( must have both words next to each other)
OR- widens ( can have either words )

Question 5

what are the wildcards of Access

Answer 5

• = retrieves unlimited suffix
  ?= replaces one character

Question 6

what is a part of appraise

Answer 6

quality of journal, features of journal,

Question 7

quality of journal

Answer 7

journal impact factor
rank
quartile
citation

Question 8

features of journal

Answer 8

reliability

validity external:generalisability internal: free from biases, answers question correctly

applicability

biases
-incomplete outcome data
-selective outcome reporting

Question 9

what is a systematic review

Answer 9

appraisal of primary research papers
narrow scope question
clear documentation of process+ decision made

Question 10

adv of systematic review

Answer 10

condensed
objective
balanced
verifiable
replicable
flexible
dynamic
readable

COBVRFDR

Question 11

disadvantage of systematic review

Answer 11

difficulty
contentious
poor aggregation of studies
disagreement
judgement

Question 12

what is a meta analysis

Answer 12

estimate average or common effect
2+ studies
good precision as uses all data
bias: selection bias, information bias, confounding, chance

forest plots

funnel plot

Question 13

describe a forest plot

Answer 13

squares= mean ( bigger square= bigger sample)

lines= 95% confidence interval ( bigger line= smaller sample)

diamond= pooled mean when results are averaged

Question 14

reason for perfect shape of a pyramid in a funnel plot

Answer 14

the greater the sample size the less variance

Question 15

reason for skewed plot in funnel plot to be positive

Answer 15

favouring intervention ( publication bias)

Question 16

clinical reasoning

Answer 16

premature closure
anchoring
availability
framing
affective
overconfidence
obedience

Question 17

pre test odds equation

Answer 17

prevalence/1-prevelance

Question 18

positive likelihood ratio

Answer 18

sensitivity/1- specificity

Question 19

negative likelihood ratio

Answer 19

1-sensitivity/specificity

Question 20

what is pre test probability

Answer 20

probability of a person having a disease

Question 21

post-test probability

Answer 21

probability of a person having a disease after test

Question 22

characteristics of clinical practice guidelines

Answer 22

evidence based
current
freely available
conflicts of interest

Question 23

why do we need clinical practice guidelines

Answer 23

reduce practice variation
no time to read ALL primary evidence
more than 30% of healthcare is wasteful

Question 24

challenges of developing clinical practice guidelines

Answer 24

conflict of interest
bias
contrast in viewpoints

Question 25

TGA listed

Answer 25

TGA L safety and quality NO efficacy

Question 26

TGA registered

Answer 26

TGA R safety and quality AND efficacy