ECA

Question 1

Explain what enzymes are and describe how they function.

Answer 1

They are proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the amount of activation energy.

Question 2

Why is the relationship between structure and function important in biological systems?

Answer 2

If you change the structure it wont do the specific job it is supposed to.

Question 3

Explain metabolism:

Answer 3

Reactions inside an organism; required to keep them alive

Question 4

Explain homeostasis:

Answer 4

Ability to maintain a constant internal environment

Question 5

Explain Cellular organization:

Answer 5

Cells–> tissue–> organs–> organ system–> organism

Question 6

Explain response to stimuli:

Answer 6

Responding to something in environment like touching a hot object and pulling your hand away quickly

Question 7

Explain growth and developement:

Answer 7

Every living thing grows and develops

Question 8

Explain heredity/DNA:

Answer 8

It passes genes from the parents to offspring to keep those traits “alive”

Question 9

Explain ability to reproduce:

Answer 9

The make offspring asexually or sexually

Question 10

What is the function of cell membrane?

Answer 10

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 11

What is the function of nucleus

Answer 11

Control center; contains chromatin (DNA with protein)

Question 12

What is the function of cytoplasm?

Answer 12

Holds the organelles

Question 13

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 13

Converts food to energy in form of ATP

Question 14

What is the function of chloroplats?

Answer 14

Absorbs sunlight and turns it into food energy

Question 15

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 15

Where protein is assembled.

Question 16

List 2 similarities and 2 differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

Answer 16

S: both are cells, all have DNA, membranes, cytoplasm

D: eukaryotic cells have nucleus and membrane bound organelles, prokaryotic cells dont

Question 17

List 2 similarities and 2 differences between plant and animal cells.

Answer 17

S: nucleus, cell membranes

D: plants cells have cell walls and chloroplast and animal cells have centrioles

Question 18

Describe the term “semi-permeable” membrane. Why is it important?

Answer 18

It only lets certain things in and out of the cell. So then the organelles couldn’t just exit the cell but are kept inside the cell.

Question 19

Write out the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis.

Answer 19

CO2+H2O—–> C6H12O6+O2

Carbon dioxide+water (sunlight–>) glucose+oxygen

Question 20

Write out a balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration.

Answer 20

Glucose+oxygen—> carbon dioxide+water+36ATP

Question 21

Why is photosynthesis and cellular respiration often reffered to as a cycle?

Answer 21

What is produced by one is used by the other and visa-vers.

Question 22

What is the role and importance of ATP in living organisms? Explain how energy is released from ATP.

Answer 22

When your break the bond between 2nd and 3rd phosphate connection food eaten provides the energy.

Question 23

What is the shape and function of DNA?

Answer 23

Double helix; phosphate,sugar,base
Adenine__Thymine
Gaunine__Cytosine

Question 24

How do the cells formed as a result of mitosis compare to the original cell?

Answer 24

They are exactly alike

Question 25

How is the order and number of amino acids in protein determines both the structure and function if the protein?

Answer 25

If he wrong amino acid is put in it wont take the right shape and wont be able to perform its funtion.

Question 26

What is the difference between diploid and haploid?

Answer 26

Diploid- both sets of chromosomes | Haploid- one set of chromosome

Question 27

How do the cells formed as a result of meiosis compare to the original?

Answer 27

They are all different and 1/2 number of chromosomes.

Question 28

List 3 similarities and 3 differences between cells produced by meiosis and mitosis.

Answer 28

S: cell division, chromosomes, replicate, stages are similar D: mitosis- happens twice Meiosis- produces 2 cells Mitosis- produces 4 cells

Question 29

What is crossing over?

Answer 29

When chromatins exchange their genes. Omly occurs in meiosis.

Question 30

What is independent assortment?

Answer 30

Whether you get the male or female set of chromosomes

Question 31

What is random fertilization?

Answer 31

You dint know which sperm cell is going to fertilize which egg.

Question 32

How do the chromosomes of 2 parents combine to form the unique combination of chromosomes in an offspring through sexual reproduction?

Answer 32

Each parent would only give the offspring 1/2 of their genes and depending on which parent had which dominant trait them offspring would get the dominant trait from the parents traits

Question 33

Why is Gregor Mendel considered "the father of genetics"? And what contribution did he make to the field

Answer 33

He discovered parents pass on traits to their offspring and he gave us the words dominant and recessive.

Question 34

Explain the law of independent assortment and why it is important.

Answer 34

The fact that the inheritance of one trait doesnt effect another trait.

Question 35

Explain the law of segregation and why it is important.

Answer 35

It told us tat when sex cells are formed they only receive 1 of 2 alleles.

Question 36

What are the 6 main elements found in a living organism?

Answer 36

Carbon-oxygen-sulfur-hydrogen-phosphorus-nitrogen