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Linglis OOW Module study > ECDIS > Flashcards

ECDIS Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Purpose / advantages of ECDIS

A

Reduced workload for OOW

Improved SA

Admirality Information Overlay

Information Layering

Safety Alarming

Real time position information

Automatic log book recording

Quick and easy corrections (done by professionals)

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2
Q

Disadvantages of ECDIS

A

Over reliance

Relies on integrity of feed inputs

Information overload

Underscaling/overscaling

Requires specialty training

Alarm apathy

RASTAR charts can still be displayed

Potential ‘old’ survey information

High potential for user error

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3
Q

What makes an ENC

A

It meets the IMO performance standards under MSC 232 and therefore meets the carriage requirements of SOLAS

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4
Q

What Inputs must an ECDIS have?

A

GPS x 2
Speed (water log)
Gyro
UPS

Additional:
AIS/RADAR overlay

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5
Q

Disadvantages of ECDIS

A

Over-reliance by OOW
Requires UPS
Specific training required
Alarm apathy
Clutter by info overload
Over/Underscaling

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6
Q

MSC 232 (updated to MSC 530)

A

Performance standards for ECDIS

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7
Q

Order of importance in Governance

A

IMO (SOLAS CH 5, Performance standards)
IHO (software standards)
IEC (international Electrotechnical Commission) produced the IEC 61174-15
(hardware standards)

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8
Q

S52

A

Specifications for chart content and Display aspects of ECDIS
Current Version is S52 4.0

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9
Q

S57

A

Transfer standards for Digital Hydrographic Data

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10
Q

S58

A

ENC validation Checks

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11
Q

S61

A

Product specification for Rastar Navigational Charts

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12
Q

S63

A

Digital Data Incription

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13
Q

S100

A

New standards for Bathymetrey and geographical Data

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14
Q

When can we run in RCDS

A

Rastar Chart Display System

No ENC available

Risk assessment has been carried out on the use of RCDS

An appropriate back up portfolio of Paper Charts is present

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15
Q

SENC

A

System Electronic Navigational Chart

A ENC is considered a SENC, when it is APPROVED, and has undergone lossless transformation of the database

Only an SENC is allowed for a paperless Bridge

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16
Q

WEND

A

World wide Electronic Chart Database

Ensures globally consistent high level of quality

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17
Q

RENCs

A

Regional Electronic Navigational Chart Co-ordination Centres
Distribution of charts
Two Particular RENCs

IC-ENC, international centre, hosted by the UKHO

Primar, Hosted by Norway

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18
Q

Shallow Contour

A

User chosen contour depth depicting unsafe waters beyond. Usually set to the Ships Draft

Colour behind will be Dark Blue

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19
Q

Safety Contour

A

User set contour line depicting possible unsafe water on the other side. The system will highlight in bold the next deep contour line from the users chosen depth.
ESSENTIAL for safe navigation and monitoring

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20
Q

Safety Contour calculating

A

Draught + UKC allowance , swell, list etc + allowance for squat + Potentially HOT as well.

Colour between Safety and Shallow contour will be light blue

If it doesn’t match the set depth, it will automatically choose the next available depth contour

I.e. safety contour set to 7m. the ECDIS will choose a 10m contour

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21
Q

Safety Depth

A

User Chosen depth, beneath which isolated sountings will be in bold. Usually set to match the safety contour

ESSENTIAL for safety of navigation and monitoring

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22
Q

Deep contour

A

User chosen contour line before which is safe navigable water.

Colour between deep and safety contour will be grey

Colour before deep contour will be white

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23
Q

Safety frame

A

‘Guard zone’ similar to on a radar.
User set, commonly set to 1 NM either side in normal navigation, and 15 minutes ‘look ahead’ time

Calculation (Speed x Look ahead distance) / 60 = NM looking ahead distance

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24
Q

Route check in which compilation

A

1:1

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25
Maximum number of satellites at one time for GPS
24
26
Space segment
satellites themselves
27
User segment
Ships, gps systems etc
28
Control segment
Control stations ashore
29
What does the control station do?
monitors satellites and positions and reports data to the master station through GBAS
30
6 sources of errors for GPS
Satellite clock Position of satellite Ionospheric delay caused by ionosphere Tropospheric delay caused by Troposphere Multi path error, indirect path to vessel (bouncing off another vessel etc) Receiver noise error Receiver clock error
31
Dilution of Precision
When satellites are too close together and have a poor angle of cut
32
What DOP are navigators concerned with?
Horizontal (HDOP)
33
Ground based augmentation system
Provides differential corrections and integrity monitoring of Global Navigation Satellite Systems
34
Space based augmentation system
Provides differential corrections and integrity monitoring ( by the satellites ) of Global Navigation Satellite Systems
35
DGPS
GPS system set up to receive differential corrections from GBAS/SBAS
36
When an ECDIS is being used to satisfy the carriage requirements of SOLAS, what must be present?
Copy of type approval certificate, and standards applied Connection to emergency source of electrical power, gyro compass, speed log and GPS receiver Be maintained and up to date with the latest IHO standards (International Hydrographic Organisation) A back up arrangement When paper charts are the backup, these must also be up to date
37
Who is ECDIS mandatory for?
Passenger vessels over 500GT Cargo Ships over 3000GT Hence it is not mandatory on yachts, though most will carry it
38
Where do we get digital charts from? in what form
AVCS Admiralty Vector Chart Sevices Single ENC units or Folios can be licensed for limited periods, 3,6,9,12 months, Or by PAYS, Pay as you Sail Where you get full coverage for passage planning, but only pay for the ENCs your vessel crosses
39
Where can we get more guidance on ECDIS in RCDS mode?
A MGN 285 - Electronic Charts - Use of risk assessment methodology when operating ECDIS in RCDS Mode
40
Pros of Rastar Charts
User friendly as they are scans of original paper charts (familair) Are approved as they are admiralty charts Cheap to produce Global coverage
41
Negatives of Rastar Charts
Large file size Do not meed IMO carriage requirements for a paperless bridge Not scalable Requires a fully up to date chart portfolio Risk assessment must be made in the use of rastar charts Not seamless, has boundaries Not inherently intelligent (no alarms, layers, indications)
42
Pros of Vector Charts
Can be interrogated Alarms and Indications Scalable with no distortion Admiralty Information over layering Own ship route monitoring User set layers Smaller file data Apparently seamless joint between charts
43
Negatives of Vector charts
Same Survey data as paper charts Not all approved data Unfamiliar Symbols to new users (specialist training required) High chance of a false sense of security Clutter in the wrong compilation scale Expensive and timely to produce
44
Items present in standard display
Display base + Minimum required for safe passage planning Spot soundings Visual and radar conspicuous objects Chart scale boundaries Drying line Indication of fixed and floating aids to navigation Boundaries of fairways, channels, etc. prohibited and restricted areas indication of cautionary notes chart scale boundaries
45
Items present in Display Base
Minimum amount of layered information that will ever be shown on ECDIS Own ship safety contour N up arrow Coastline (high water) Compilation scale in use Scale, range Original compilation scale Isolated underwater dangers that lie within the safety contour Hazardous wrecks Traffic routing systems ONLY TO BE USED FOR OVERVIEW PLANNING
46
ECDIS vs ECS
ECDIS in an electronic chart display and information system Officially approved navigation information system Rigorous standards in terms of hardware, software, charts and backup arrangements by IMO and IHO Can be used as a paperless bridge under SOLAS chapter V An ECS is any electronic chart system that does not meet these requirements, and cannot be used for a paperless bridge
47
Meeting Paperless bridge standard (approved ECDIS system)
2 fully independent systems 2 Individual UPS Connected to Emergency power Display both Rastar and Vector charts Must have seperate GPS inputs Heading info (gyro) Speed info feed Must display AIS, ARPA and Radar information Must be able to be corrected on a weekly basis, or manually corrected Must have User overlay information layer capabilities Hardware must be approved by the IEC ECDIS must in term display a SENC
48
Chart coding
1st two letters country code 1st number usage Next numbers up to decimal is chart number Numbers after the decimal is the corredtion number
49
What is a Rastar Chart?
High quality scan of an existing paper chart
50
What is a Vector Chart?
Multi layered database of information
51
What is CATZOC
Category Zone of Confidence Reliability indication of: Position and depth
52
Isolated danger symbol ECDIS
Will display isolated dangers less than the user set safety contour with this symbol
53
List of ECDIS alarms
Crossing safety contour Deviate from route Position system failure Approaching a critical point Non ENC Area Different Geodetic Datum
54
What is an ECDIS alarm?
Audible and visual means of alerting the user to something that requires their immediate attention
55
What are ECDIS Indications?
Alert a user to something that MAY lead to danger if we do not act
56
List of ECDIS Indications
Information overscale Information underscale Larger ENC available Route plan over a safety contour Route plan over a specified area Position system failure (planning mode) System test failure
57
ECDIS role in integrity monitoring
Detecting chart errors Position accuracy monitoring Handling sensor failures Display integrity and reliability Safety parameter Monitoring Alarm generation
58
USER role in ECDIS integrity monitoring
Continuous use of traditional navigational techniques Monitor feed inputs (gyro, speed, GPS) Interrogate alarms and monitor route Visually check route before monitoring in 1:1 scale Verify the integrity of data being fed into the ECDIS Overlays (RADAR, ARPA, AIS) verified
59
Ensuring Charts are up to date on ECDIS
ECDIS should display this data prominently on the screen Or in the chart properties section, to the right side of the screen We can also check our chart catalogue, and the charts not up to date will appear in orange This interrogation of the properties can be type specific
60
Updating process of ECDIS
Receive the AVCS DVD from the chart service, and insert. Read the 'read me' file, and update with the most recent N/Ms accordingly These can be received through email nowadays
61
How do we check our ECDIS itself is updated?
Within the system information menu

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