ECG

Question 1

P wave height by?

Answer 1

RA

Question 2

P wave width by?

Answer 2

LA

Question 3

P wave dimension

Answer 3

2.5x2.5

Question 4

P wave in V1

Answer 4

Sine wave (as RA towards v1 and LA away from V1)

Question 5

Absent P wave?

Answer 5

Afib

JR

PSVT

Hyperkalemia***

Question 6

LAE p wave in lead II and V1

MS/MR/S.HTN

Answer 6

II= P mitrale (width increases)

V1= Morris index > 0.04
Depth x width

Question 7

RAE in II and V1?

TS/TR/PHTN

Answer 7

II = P pulmonale (tented P wave)

V1 = MI > 0.06

Question 8

Pseudo p-pulmonale seen in?

Answer 8

Hypokalemia

Question 9

Normal PR interval

Answer 9

3-5mm

Question 10

PR interval signifies?

Answer 10

AV conductance

Question 11

Prolonged PRi? (>1big square)

AvN block

Answer 11

1) Electrolyte : K+
2) Drugs : CCB/BB/Digoxin**
3) Myocarditis (RF) : dt inflammation of Av
4) Age related degeneration : Lev’s Disease/Lenegre’s disease
5) Infiltration : Amyloid/Hemochromatosis

Question 12

Reduced PRi?

Answer 12

Dt accessory pathways bypassing AVN

LGL syndrome- Bundle of James

WPW syndrome-Bundle of Kent

Question 13

Wpw syndrome prevalence with age and sex pref?

Answer 13

Decreases with age

M»»F

Question 14

Types of Wpw?

Answer 14

Type A (left ventricle) —mc

Type B (right ventricle)

Question 15

Features of WPW ecg?

Answer 15

Wide QRS
Reduced pri
Delta wave

Question 16

Wide QRS morphology?? (0.08-0.12)

>0.12

Answer 16

LBBB
RBBB
WPW
Blocking of INa+ = inc K+/Anti-arrythmics
Ventricle ectopics

Question 17

QRS morphology 0.1-0.12?

Answer 17

Incomplete RBBB
Left Anterior Fascicular block
Left Posterior fascicular block

Question 18

Height of QRS

Answer 18

5mm LL

10mm in precordial leads

Question 19

Low voltage QRS
(Causes)

Answer 19

COPD
CT
CP
RCMP (infiltration)
DCMP
Hypothyroid

Question 20

QRS nomenclature

Answer 20

First + R
- before R = Q
- after R = S
+ after R = R’

(Small letters if voltage less)

Question 21

RVH qrs complex on V1

Answer 21

R wave >7mm

Question 22

LVH qrs complex on V1 and V6

Answer 22

V1= rS

V6 = qRs (R>25mm)

Question 23

Best criteria for LvH

Answer 23

Sokolov Lyon criteria

S in V1 + R in V6 > 35mm

Question 24

RBBB cause and wave

Answer 24

PTE(RV strain)

Wave is rSr’ (RABBIT EAR) - with WIDE qrs

Question 25

ASHMANN SYNDROME a/w?

Answer 25

RBBB

Question 26

LBBB cause and wave

Answer 26

MI/LEV’s/Aortic valve disease rR’ wave ( M Pattern wave - no wave below baseline)

Question 27

Proximal degeneration of Bundle branch fibres?

Answer 27

Levs syndrome

Question 28

Point of junction of Qrs and ST seg

Answer 28

J point

Question 29

Doming of J point causes

Answer 29

OSBORN WAVE Hypothermia Hypothyroid Hypocalcemia SAH (V3-v4-v5)

Question 30

Double slurring of J wave

Answer 30

EPSILON WAVE ARVD

Question 31

ST elevation calculation?

Answer 31

>1 mm from PR seg-J point | IN 2 CONTIGUOUS LEADS

Question 32

ST elevation cardiac causes

Answer 32

MI Prinzmetal angina Takutsubo**

Question 33

ST depression cardiac causes

Answer 33

``` Subendocardial MI (NSTEMI) Unstable angina ```

Question 34

Non cardiac causes of ST elevation

Answer 34

OSBORN WAVE causes

Question 35

Non cardiac causes of ST depression

Answer 35

Hypokalemia DIGOXIN**

Question 36

Cardiac non ischemic causes of ST elevation and depression

Answer 36

AP | Brugada. CP

Question 37

Smiling ST elevation

Answer 37

Acute pericarditis

Question 38

Coving of ST seg

Answer 38

BRUGADA SYNDROME (Mutation of Na+ ch in RV) rSr’ pattern

Question 39

Hockey stick ST dep

Answer 39

Digoxin

Question 40

Tall T waves

Answer 40

Hyperkalemia | T> by 50% of R wave

Question 41

Earliest sign of Mi ecg

Answer 41

Tall T waves with broad base

Question 42

ST dep + Tall T

Answer 42

De winters Anterior wall MI

Question 43

ST elevation + Tall T waves

Answer 43

Wellens T wave Unstable angina

Question 44

Giant T wave inversion (>10mm)

Answer 44

HOCM | V5-v6

Question 45

Normal QT length

Answer 45

10mm

Question 46

Bazetts’s formula (If HR increases QTi changes, to correct use formula)

Answer 46

QTc = QTi / ROOT R-Ri

Question 47

Congenital QT syndromes

Answer 47

Romanowand syndrome (AD) Jervell syndrome (AR + SNHL) High risk of TDP

Question 48

Short QTi cause?

Answer 48

Hypercalcemia Thiazide diuretics (inc in s.ca++) DIGOXIN (inc calcium)

Question 49

Long QTi

Answer 49

Hypocalcemia Hypomagnesemia (Anti-ABCDE) Anti Arrythmia: 1A and 3 AntiBiotics: macrolides FQ HCQ AntiDepressants: TCA Hypothyroidism - hypothermia

Question 50

Mc arrythmias in prolonged qti

Answer 50

TDP (clf syncope) Vfib