ECGquiz1-3 Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
What does the P-wave represent in relationship to atria or ventricles?
A
Atrial Depolarization
2
Q
What does the qrs interval represent?
A
Ventricular Depolarization
3
Q
What does T wave represent?
A
Ventricular repolarization
4
Q
When does atrial systole occur?
A
Between end of P wave and before beginning of q-wave
5
Q
When does Ventricular systole occur?
A
After QRS interval & before T wave
6
Q
What does P-R interval represent?
A
Atrial Depolarization & impulse delay in AV node
7
Q
What does Q-T interval represent?
A
Time from initial depolarization of ventricles to end of vent repolarization
8
Q
Name 2 mechanisms of pacemaker activity:
A
Escape Mechanism
Irritability Mechanism
9
Q
When any clump of calls can become irritable & become a pacemaker & take control from the SA node this is known as ________ mechanism.
A
Irritability
10
Q
When the dominant pacemaker fails & next one in line takes over & paces at its inherent rate this is known as the _______ mechanism.
A
Escape
11
Q
What is the inherent rate of Purkinje Fibers or Ventricle
A
20-40
12
Q
What is inherent rate of SA Node?
A
60-100
13
Q
What is inherent rate of AV Node?
A
40-60
14
Q
During Polarization or ready state where is K located and where is Na?
A
K is inside cell
Na is outside cell
15
Q
The discharge state in which K & Na are changing places is known as?
A
Depolarization
16
Q
When K is outside & Na is inside this is ________.
A
Repolarization
17
Q
What are the three stages the cell goes through from its ready to recovery state?
A
Polarization (ready)
Depolarization (Discharge state)
Repolarization (Recovery State)
18
Q
What are the 3 common viewpoints of ECG?
A
Lead 1
Lead 2
Lead 3
19
Q
Name the 3 wires included in leads?
A
Positive
Negative
Ground
20
Q
When you have an inverted t wave this may indicate what condition?
A
Myocardial ischemia
21
Q
What is normal paper speed on ECG?
A
25 mm/sec
22
Q
A tic mark represents what time?
A
Every 3 seconds
23
Q
1 small box = _______ mm; _______ second
A
1mm
0.04 sec
24
Q
_____ small boxes = 1 large box
A
5 small boxes
25
1 large box = _______ seconds; ______ mm
0.2
| 5 mm
26
What is the most common lead?
| Which electrode has most effect on viewpoint
Lead 2 most common
| Positive electrode most effect on viewpoint
27
How many boxes = 6 seconds?
30 large boxes = 6 seconds
28
15 large boxes = ______ seconds
3 seconds
29
What is normal size of p-wave _______ mm in amplitude
.5 - 2.5
30
What is duration of P-R interval?
0.12 - 0.20 sec
31
What is duration of QRS Interval?
0.11 sec or less
32
Name the 3 lead Categories?
Limb Leads
Augmented leads
Precordial Leads
33
Electrodes are arranged in Patterns called ______.
Leads
34
The natural direction the electrical activity travels which is from base to apex is called ________.
Vector
35
The P-wave seen occurs due to ________ ________.
Atrial Depolarization
36
The QRS complex seen on ECG occurs due to ________ __________.
Ventricular Depolarization
37
The S-T segment & T Wave seen occurs due to _______ _________.
Ventricular Repolarization
38
How many beats per minute is normal for an infant?
100-160
39
What is normal BPM for a toddler?
90-150
40
What is normal BPM for a preschooler or 4-5 yr old
80-140
41
A child who is 6-12 yrs old has normal PBM of
70-120
42
What is normal BPM for teens & adults
60-100
43
At what segment would you expect to see the delay in conduction through AV Junction & spread of electrical impulse through bundle of HIS, rt & left bundle branches & purkinje fibers?
P-R Segment
44
What types of cells are known as the conducting system?
A. Electrical Cells
B. Mechanical Cells
A Electrical Cells
45
What causes an electrical impulse?
A. Result of the cells changing chemically
B. Sodium-K pump at cellular level changing electrical balance of the cell
C. Automaticity- ability to repeat impulse without a an external signal
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
46
During the Resting or polarized state you would expect to see outside the cell as ________ charges and inside the cell with _____ charges.
Outside = positive charges
| Inside negative charges
47
Depolarization changes as outside becomes _______ and inside is _____ charged.
Mostly negative outside
| Mostly positive inside
48
The recovery state is called _______.
repolarization
49
The heart is influenced by the _________ _________ system.
Autonomic nervous system
50
________ and _________ creates a balance by increasing rate & decreasing rate via affecting irritability.
Sympathetic & parasympathetic
51
To determine HR= QRS complex in ___seconds x 10
6 seconds
52
The P-R segment is: After ___ wave & before ____ wave
After p wave & before q wave
53
The S-T segment is: After _____ wave & before _____ wave
S wave & before T wave
54
The depolarization of right and left atria is _____ wave.
P -wave
55
What is the duration of normal p wave:
0.11 seconds or less
56
The ______ segement allows time for atria to empty into ventricles before ventricular contraction begins and is normally flat or islectric
P-R Segment
57
The time it takes to depolarize the atria and for the electrical impulse to reach the purkinje fibers is called _______ ______.
P-R Interval
58
When the P wave is added to the PR segment it is called _______ ________,
P-R Interval
59
The P-R interval normally lasts ______ to _________ seconds.
0.12 to 0.20 seconds
60
THe _______ _________ represents ventricular depolarization.
QRS complex
61
What is normal duration of QRS complex?
0.06 to .10 seconds
62
What might cause a long QRS complex?
impulse originates from ectopic pacemaker like ventricular myocardium or partial or incomplete bundle branch block
63
If your SA node fires irregulary this causes a ______ ________.
Sinus arrhythmia
64
Which wave indicates ventricular repolarization?
T wave
65
Name 5 stages of cardiac cycle
```
Atrial systole
Isovolumetric ventricular contraction
Ejection
Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
Passive Ventricular Filling
```
66
Amount of blood pumped into aorta each minute by the heart is ______ _______.
Venous return
67
Amount of blood ejected from a ventricle with each heartbeat is?
stroke volume
68
Amount of blood pumped into aorta each minute is?
Cardiac output
69
WHen the inside of cell is ore negative then outside of cell than it is in _______ state?
Polarized State
70
The movement of charged particles across cell membrane causing inside of cell to become more positive then outside this is _______ state
Depolarized State
71
This type of limb lead makes a single limbe positive and all other limbs negative?
Augmented Limb lead
72
Provides vertical & horizontal views and improves diagnosis accuracy. This type of limb lead is called?
Precordial
73
In this type of limb lead a weak electrical signal must be amplified
Augmented Limb lead
74
If you see a Peak T-wave this may mean what condition?
Hyperkalemia
75
A method of finding heart rate with small boxes is called rule of _____. Each 1 mm block -.04 seconds; Count # of small boxes between r-r interval & divide into 1500. Use the P-P interval for atrial.
1500
76
In the Rule of ______. The # of QRS complexes in 6 seconds X 10
Rule of 10
77
You use _____ interval & _______ interval to determine rate & rhythmicity
R-R interval & P-P interval
78
If you see a peaked or tall & pointed p wave or wide & notched what are some conditions it might mean?
COPD, Heart Failure, Valvular Disease
79
If your p wave is inverted this might mean what?
The p wave began at a site other than SA node
80
An abnormal S-T segment may mean?
Myocardial infarction
81
Medications such as morphine & digitalis may cause what?
Non Resp sinus arrhythmia
82
What can be used to treat Sinus Arrythmias?
IV atropine
83
What is used to treat sinus tachycardia?
Beta Blockers
84
What is used to treat sinus bradycardia?
O2, Atropine, IV access, TCP
85
CHF, Sympathetic stimulation, Caffeine, shock, or coronary artery disease can cause _______ ______.
Sinus Tachycardia
86
In sinus bradycardia what happens to your Q-T interval?
Becomes longer
87
The Q-t interval becomes _______ during sinus tachycardia.
Shorter
88
Increased ICP, Hypoxia, Hypothermia, Inferior or posterior MI or disease of SA node cause?
Sinus Bradycardia
89
Certain medications such as ______, _______, or ______ can cause sinus tachycardia.
Epinephrine, atropine, dopamine, dobutamine
90
Medications that can cause Sinus bradycardia include?
```
Calcium Channel blockers
Digitalis
Beta Blockers
Anodarone
Sotalol
```
91
What is formula for CO?
SV X HR = CO
92
This is a vagolytic drug which blocks chemicals at end of vagus nerve causing rate of SA node to increase firing.
Atropine
93
```
Atropine has no effect on?
A. Speed of conduction
B. FOrce of contraction
C. Rate of SA node firing
D. All of the above
```
Force of contraction
94
T or F: Electrical activity can occur without mechanical contraction.
True
95
A sign of abnormal electrical activity is?
Dysrhythmia or arrhythmia
96
Name 2 things that can affect sinus mechanisms.
Disease or conditions
| Medications
97
What are causes of vagal stimulation?
Coughing, vomiting, straining, Carotid sinus pressure, Sudden exposure to cold water
98
Absolute refractory occurs during?
QRS to peak of t wave
99
Relative refractory occurs at?
Peak of T wave to base of T wave
