ECHINODERMATA Flashcards
(210 cards)
1
Q
5 classes of Echinodermata
A
Class Asteroidea
Class Ophiuroidea
Class Echinoidea
Class Holothuroidea
Class Crinoidea
2
Q
class of sea stars
A
Class Asteroidea
3
Q
class of brittle stars
A
Class Ophiuroidea
4
Q
class of sea urchins
A
Class Echinoidea
5
Q
class of sea cucumbers
A
Class Holothuroidea
6
Q
class of sea feathers
A
Class Crinoidea
7
Q
Exclusively Marine
A
Echinodermata
8
Q
Body unsegmented
A
echinodermata
9
Q
Adults with pentamerous secondary radial symmetry
A
echinodermata
10
Q
Larvae bilaterally symmetrical
A
echinodermata
11
Q
With unique water vascular system
A
echinodermata
12
Q
Larval Echinoderms showing
A
bilateral symmetry
13
Q
Have an endoskeleton covered by a thin, bumpy or spiny epidermis
A
Echinoderms
14
Q
Echinoderms Have an endoskeleton covered by a thin,
A
bumpy or spiny epidermis
15
Q
allowing them to sense food, predators and other things in
the environment from all directions
A
radial symmetry
16
Q
Have mouth, stomach, intestines
A
Echinoderms/Echinodermata
17
Q
Feed on a variety of plants and animals
A
Echinoderms/Echinodermata
18
Q
they have no head or brain, but have a nerve
ring that surrounds the mouth
A
Echinoderms/Echinodermata
19
Q
Echinoderms Also have cells that respond to
A
light and touch
20
Q
Also have cells that respond to light and touch
A
Echinoderms/Echinodermata
21
Q
which is the most modern of body cavities.
A
Coelom
22
Q
It is multicellular that lies between it’s wall and it’s intestine.
A
ECHINODERMATA
23
Q
fluid-filled body cavity that is completely lined in mesoderm
that contains internal organs
A
Coelom
24
Q
Structural Support: Echinoderm’s ——- of the skeleton protect its body.
A
spinal extensions
25
ECHINODERM STRUCTURAL SUPPORT
Structure (dermal calcareous ossicles
with spines or od calcareous spicules in
dermis
26
made of ossicles: bony
plates of calcium carbonate
Endoskeleton
27
Endoskeleton of echinodermata made of -----
ossicles: bony plates of calcium carbonate
28
have locked plates that make its
structure rigid
Sea Urchins
29
have flexible arms, so the skeleton has gaps in its plates and muscles to allow this movement
Sea stars/Brittle stars
30
Have an internal skeleton of
calcium carbonate
Echinoderms/Echinodermata
31
Echinoderms Have an internal skeleton of
calcium carbonate
32
vary in size and
structure and are
manufactured by
specialized cells
Ossicles
33
It is a network of water-filled canals with
thousands of tube feet connected to it.
Water-Vascular System
34
hollow, thin walled tubes that
ends in a suction cup.
Tube feet
35
As pressure in the tube feet changes the animal is able to move along by
pushing out
and pulling in its tube feet
36
It is a network of water-filled canals with
thousands of tube feet connected to it.
Water-Vascular System
37
Allows them to move, exchange CO2 and
O2, capture food, and release wastes
Water-Vascular System
38
locomotion and food gathering in addition to respiration and excretion
* Seastar
39
is used with interconnecting fluid filled tubes and canals
separate coelom
40
circles the mouth and
gives off 5 radial canals
ring canal
41
is exposed and runs
along the ambulacral groove
radial canal
42
The radial canal is exposed and runs along the
ambulacral groove
43
Echinoderms move by little --- --- underneath each ray.
tube feet
44
These tube feet can also be called
podia
45
muscles on the tube feet are
connected to the nervous system that tell
them what --------
direction to move
46
helps echinoderms get food and move.
water-vascular system
47
The water-vascular system helps
echinoderms get
food and move
48
(which are small tubes filled
with fluid)
Tube feet
49
Tube feet (which are small tubes filled
with fluid) have a muscular sac at the end
(called the
ampulla
50
where water is forced into and the tube foot extends to move the echinoderm
ampulla
51
To stay on the surface of
things, it has a suction-cup structure
Tube feet
52
ECHINODERM DIGESTION IS
Complete
53
contains a mouth
and a stomach.
Echinoderm
54
A Echinoderm contains a ---- and a -----
mouth and a stomach
55
have the ability to have their stomach’s outside of their body to digest prey
Starfish
56
Anus – absent in
opiuroids
57
their digestion all have mouth and anus...break-down of materials occurs in the
stomach
ECHINODERM
58
ECHINODERMS have mouth and anus...break-down of materials occurs in the
stomach
59
prey on mollusks/coral/other invertebrates
Sea stars
60
use their arms to trap food
Sea lilies/feather stars
61
scavengers/predatorsà trap food with the mucus on their arms
Brittle Stars
62
use mucus-covered tentacles to get food
Sea cucumbers
63
have mouths specialized to eat plants and algae
Sea urchins
64
how do echinoderms gas exchange
Gills on the skin surface
65
Echinoderms use their feet for --- too
respiration
66
take in oxygen diffused from water
thin membranes of the tube feet
67
have respiratory trees (tubes) which water goes into and oxygen gets to the body
Sea cucumbers
68
are able to pull O2 from water via diffusion and release CO2 from the animal in the same manner
Gills
69
Excretory organ - absent
echinoderms/echinodermata
70
their Blood vascular system (hemal system) much reduced
Echinoderms/Echinodermata
71
Plays little if any role in cilculation and surrounded by extension of
coelom
Blood Vascular System
72
their Main circulation of body fluids (colemic fluids) by peritoneal cilia
echinoderms/echinodermata
73
Main circulation of body fluids (colemic fluids) by
peritoneal cilia
74
Reproduction: separate sexes with large gonads, single in
holothuroids
75
have no elaborate copulatory apparatus or secondary sexual
structures
Simple ducts
76
do both reproduce sexually and asexually. They create new features through asexual reproduction. Sexually involves releasing gametes into water (external fertilization).
Echinoderms/Echinodermata
77
Echinoderms create new
features through
asexual reproduction
78
Echinoderms involves releasing gametes
into water (external fertilization).
Sexually reproduction
79
Most – reproduce sexually
Echinoderms/Echinodermata
80
it is when female eggs and male sperm meet outside in water
External fertilization
81
become swimming larvae with bilateral symmetry
Fertilized eggs
82
----- echinoderms turns into adult with radial symmetry
Larvae
83
echinoderms/echinodermata Larvae turns into adult with
radial symmetry
84
echinoderms Metamorphosis to
radial adult or subadult form
85
radial adult or
subadult form
conspicuous
86
Radial cleavage and regulative
development
echinoderms/echinodermata
87
class of (sea star)
Class Asteroidea
88
Echinoderms with at least 5 arms
arranged around a
central point
89
with at least 5 arms
arranged around a central point (but
they may have more)
Echinoderms
90
Uses tube feet to open shells of prey
Class Asteroidea
91
once open pushes its stomach into shell and uses an enzyme to digest it
Class Asteroidea
92
Reproduce sexually
Class Asteroidea
93
Can repair themselves by regeneration
Class Asteroidea
94
Class Asteroidea Can repair themselves by
regeneration
95
Composed of a central disc that merges gradually with the tapering arms (rays)
Class Asteroidea
96
Body is somewhat flattened, flexible and covered with ciliated, pigmented epidermis
Class Asteroidea
97
is centered on the under
or oral side
Mouth
98
surrounded by a
soft peristomial membrane
Mouth
99
what class has a Mouth that is centered on the under or oral side, surrounded by a
soft peristomial membrane
Class Asteroidea
100
runs from the mouth on the
oral side of each arm to the tip
of the arm
ambulacrum or ambulacral area
101
what class has An ambulacrum or ambulacral
area runs from the mouth on the
oral side of each arm to the tip
of the arm
Class Asteroidea
102
Asteroidea's ------- is somewhat flattened,
flexible and covered with ciliated, pigmented epidermis
Body
103
is found along the middle of each ambulacral area and the groove is bordered by rows of tube feet (podia) and are usually protected by movable spines
ambulacral groove
104
An ambulacral groove is found along the
middle of each ambulacral area and the
groove is bordered by rows of tube feet
(podia) and are usually protected by
movable spines
105
of asteroids and crinoids are said to be open and the other groups are closed
Ambulacral groove
106
Ambulacral groove of ------ and ------ are said to be open and the other
groups are closed
asteroids and crinoids
107
Can reproduce asexually by
disk division
Class Asteroidea
108
Dioecious with sperm or
eggs produced in 2 or
more gonads in each
arm
Class Asteroidea
109
its Larval stage is bipinnaria
Class Asteroidea
110
Class Asteroidea in its Larval stage is --------
bipinnaria
111
Many species --------- leaving predators with a
nutritious souvenir while they escape
autotomize
112
(largest of the
major groups of echinoderms
with over 2000 extant species
Brittle Stars
113
Have fragile, slender, branched
arms that break off easily
Brittle Stars
114
This adaptation allows them to
survive
arms that break off easily
115
They can regenerate broken off
body parts
Brittle Stars/Class Ophiuroidea
116
Use flexible arms for movement
and tube feet to get food into
their mouths
Brittle Stars/Class Ophiuroidea
117
Secretive, more active at night
Brittle Stars/Class Ophiuroidea
118
Brittle Stars/Class Ophiuroidea are Secretive, more active at
night
119
have 5 arms
and are slender and sharply set off from
central disc
Brittle Stars/Class Ophiuroidea
120
their rube feet are without sucker, aid in
feeding but are of limited use in
locomotion
Brittle Stars/Class Ophiuroidea
121
they have a Five movable plate that serve as jaws surround the mouth
Brittle Stars/Class Ophiuroidea
122
have Skin leathery with dermal plates and spines
Class Ophiuroidea/Brittle Stars
123
Close ambulacral grooves and
covered with arm ossicles
Class Ophiuroidea/Brittle Stars
124
Class Ophiuroidea/Brittle Stars have Close ambulacral grooves and
covered with
arm ossicles
125
the -------- Brittle stars/Class Ophiuroidea confined to the central disc since their rays are too slender to contain them
Visceral organs
126
their Stomach is saclike and no intestine
Class Ophiuroidea/Brittle Stars
127
their Water vascular, nervous and hemal system are similar to those of seastars
Class Ophiuroidea/Brittle Stars
128
their Regeneration and autotomy are more pronounced
Class Ophiuroidea/Brittle Stars
129
their Very fragile –release and arm or even part of the disc at the slightest provocation
Class Ophiuroidea/Brittle Stars
130
their Some can reproduce asexually by cleaving the disc; each progeny then regenerates missing parts
Class Ophiuroidea/Brittle Stars
131
they are Similar to Asteroids; yet
a pluteus larva is
formed
Class Ophiuroidea/Brittle Stars
132
Regenerate well, and
one spp., in our area
reproduces asexually
by disk division
Class Ophiuroidea/Brittle Stars
133
Class Ophiuroidea/Brittle Stars are similar to asteroids yet a ----- larva is formed
pluteus larva
134
class of Sea Urchins & Sand Dollars
Class Echinoidea
135
they are Disk or globe-shaped animals covered in spines
Class Echinoidea/Sea Urchins & Sand Dollars
136
Spines help in movement and in burrowing
Class Echinoidea/Sea Urchins & Sand Dollars
137
the -------- Class Echinoidea/Sea Urchins & Sand Dollars help in movement and in burrowing
Spines
138
their Spines help in movement and in burrowing
Class Echinoidea/Sea Urchins & Sand Dollars
139
have five tooth like structures around their mouth
Sea Urchins
140
Sea Urchins have five tooth like structures around their
mouth
141
their Ossicles are joined to form a
rigid test
Class Echinoidea
142
the --- of class echinoidea are joined to form a
rigid test
Ossicles
143
Adult --------- possess a feeding
structure called Aristotle’s
lantern
Class Echinoidea
144
Class Echinoidea Adults possess a feeding structure called
Aristotle’s lantern
145
Two attributes of Class Echinoidea
mobile spines, and hollow skeleton or test
146
Contains compact body enclosed in an endoskeletal test or shell
Sea Urchin
147
Class Echinoidea Contains compact body enclosed in
an
endoskeletal test or shell
148
they Lack arms
Class Echinoidea
149
they Have 5 pairs of ambulacral rows
homologous to 5 arms of sea stars
and have pores through which long
tube feet extend
Sea Urchin
150
they have 5 converging teeth surrounding the
mouth of regular urchins
Sea Urchin
151
5 converging teeth surrounding the mouth of -----
regular urchins
152
Inside the test are the coiled digestive
system and a complex chewing
mechanism called
Aristotle's lantern
153
Inside the test are the coiled digestive
system and a complex chewing
mechanism called Aristotle's lantern
to which
teeth are attached
154
they have teeth that are attached
Class Echinoidea
155
how do Sea urchin fertilize
external fertilization
156
Feed on alga material, encrusting bryozoans or scavenge
Sea Urchin
157
Class Echinoidea's Food is chopped by
5 sharp pointed teeth
158
Their digestive system is long to deal with vegetable manner
Sea Urchin
159
Sea Urchin/Class Echinoidea anus is located
aborally
160
Most conspicuous organs are those
responsible for
reproduction
161
Classs Echinoidea At spawning the entire coelom will
fill with
sperm or eggs
162
Class echinoidea ------ larva is formed
Pluteus
163
Irregular: non-spherical variously
depressed
Sand Dollars
164
their Anus is shifted to the oral surface
posterior to the mouth creating
bilateral symmetry
Sand Dollars
165
class of Sea Cucumber
Class Holothuroidea
166
have Soft bodied echinoderms
Class Holothuroidea/Sea Cucumber
167
they Have a leathery covering
Class Holothuroidea/Sea Cucumber
168
they Have tentacles around their
mouth and rows of tube feet on
their upper and lower surfaces
Class Holothuroidea/Sea Cucumber
169
When threatened, they may
expel their internal organs
which will then be regenerated
in a few weeks
Class Holothuroidea/Sea Cucumber
170
Sea Cucumbers When threatened, they may
expel their
internal organs
171
They are greatly elongated in the oral- aboral axis and ossicles are much reduced
in most
Class Holothuroidea/Sea Cucumber
172
they are Soft bodied
Class Holothuroidea/Sea Cucumber
173
Sea cucumbers Respiratory tree – composed of
2 long many-branched tubes
174
– composed of 2 long
many-branched tubes that empties into the cloaca that pumps water into it
Respiratory tree
175
Serves as both respiration and excretion and is not present in any other group of living echinoderms
Respiratory tree
176
can also occurs through
skin and tube feet
Gas exchange
177
Gas exchange of sea cucumbers can also occurs through
skin and tube feet
178
they have Separate sexes but some are hermaphroditic
Class Holothuroidea/Sea Cucumber
179
Among echinoderms, only ------ have a single gonad
sea cucumber
180
Among echinoderms, only sea cucumber have a
single gonad
181
they Possess retractile feeding tentacle that surrounds the mouth
Sea cucumber/Class Holothuroidea
182
For sea cucumbers While suspension or deposit feeding
each tentacle is cleaned in the
mouth
183
for ------- While suspension or deposit feeding
each tentacle is cleaned in the mouth
Sea cucumbers/Class Holothuroidea
184
Although somewhat soft they do
have an internal skeleton
Sea Cucumber
185
The skeletal elements --------- are microscopic with complex shapes
(ossicles)
186
May compose up to 80% of the dry body weight
Ossicles
187
have powerful toxins in the body wall
sea cucumber
188
Sticky and toxic tentacles which are shot out the anus
Cuverian tubules
189
Also eviscerates to avoid predation
sea cucumber
190
their Internal organs regenerate after a period of time
Sea cucumber
191
class of Sea lilies and feather stars
Class Crinoidea
192
Attached during a substantial part of their life
Class Crinoidea/Sea lilies and feather stars
193
It has flower shaped body that is place at the tip of an attached stalk
Class Crinoidea/Sea lilies and feather stars
194
have long, many branched
arms and adults are free moving though
they may remain in the same spot for
long periods
Feather star
195
During metamorphosis, they become
sessile and stalked but after several
months, they detached and become free
moving
Feather star
196
During Class Crinoidea/Sea lilies and feather stars---------, they become
sessile and stalked but after several
months, they detached and become free
moving
metamorphosis
197
It has 5 flexible arms, branched to form many more arms
Class Crinoidea/Sea lilies and feather stars
198
they Date back more than 400 million years ago
Echinoderms
199
Earliest echinoderms had ------- symmetry as adults
bilateral symmetry
200
left an extensive fossil record and evolved about 25 anatomically distinc body forms (accounting for 20 currently recognized classes)
Echinoderms
201
Most became extinct by the end of the Paleozoic and only 5 survive today
Echinoderms
202
Echinoderms Most became extinct by the end of the
Paleozoic
203
sea daisies; most agree that this is not a valid class but there is little agreement on their relationship to the remaining echinoderm classes; pentaradial in symmetry with no arms)
Class Concentricycloidea
204
Based on their bilateral larvae – ancestor were bilateral and their
coelom had 3 pairs of spaces (trimeric)
Echinoderms/Echinodermata
205
1st echinoderm were
sessile
206
207
Became radial as adaptation of that existence and then gave rise to the free-
moving groups
Echinoderms/Echinodermata
208
were primitively attached to a
substratum by an aboral stalk
Cystoidea (extinct) and Crinoidea
209
Attachment to a substratum by their aboral surface would have
selected for radial symmetry and origin of subphylum
Pelmatozoa (crinoids)
210
are a single clade, then closed ambulacral
grooves must have been lost in the asteroid or evolved separately in ophiuroids and in the common ancestor of echinoids and holothuroids
ophiuroids and asteroids
