PHYLUM ARTHROPODA Flashcards
(233 cards)
1
Q
3 main characteristics of arthropoda
A
Segmented bodies
Jointed appendages
Have exoskeletons
2
Q
are coelomate, bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic,
protostomes
A
arthropoda
3
Q
- Well develop organ system
A
arthropoda
4
Q
- Share with annelids the character of conspicuous segmentation (different ancestor)
A
arthropoda
5
Q
Have a well-developed
protective coloration and
protective resemblances
A
arthropoda
6
Q
arthropods have vMore pronounced
A
cephalization
7
Q
- Well develop organ system
- Share with annelids the character of conspicuous
segmentation (different ancestor)
A
ARTHROPODA
8
Q
*Contains exoskeleton - chitins
A
ARTHROPODA
9
Q
ARTHROPODA exoskeleton contains
A
chitin
10
Q
- segmented body, both internally and externall
A
ARTHROPODA
11
Q
- true body segments primitively bear a pair of jointed
appendages
A
ARTHROPODA
12
Q
an annelid-like nervous system:
A
dorsal brain, circumenteric
connectives, paired ventral nerve cords (often fused to
some extent)
13
Q
growth by molting (ecdysis)
A
ARTHROPODA
14
Q
*most are dioecious
A
ARTHROPODA
15
Q
growth by molting
A
ecdysis
16
Q
they have a well-developed
protective coloration and
protective resemblances
A
ARTHROPODA
17
Q
have More pronounced cephalization
A
ARTHROPODA
18
Q
Segments more specialized (compared with annelids)
A
ARTHROPODA
19
Q
arthropoda have segments that are more specialized (compared with —–)
A
annelids
20
Q
(tendency for segments to combine or
fuse into functional groups)
A
tagmata
21
Q
muscle (striated muscle confer rapidity of
movement)
A
extrinsic limb muscle
22
Q
locomotion of arthropoda
A
extrinsic limb muscle
23
Q
Cuticular exoskeleton – contains
A
chitin
24
Q
enables them to have wide
range of adaptation
A
chitin
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are segmented wormd thathav about 12 thousand species of their kind
Phylum annelida
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distributes from partitions called septa
segmentation
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in annelids this acts as a hydrostatic skeleton
Segmented coelom
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their digestive system is specialized with a pharynx, stomach, and accessory glands
Annelida
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have brains that connect to a solid ventral nerve cord with ganglia that is connected to each segment
Segmented worms
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are paired tubules that collect wastes in each segment
Nephridia
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what has Coelom reduced; most of body cavity consisting of hemocoel (sinuses, or spaces, in the tissues) filled with blood;
ARTHROPODA
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(sinuses, or spaces, in the tissues) filled with blood;
hemocoel
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mouthparts modified from appendages
and adapted for different methods of feeding;
Complete digestive system
34
have Circulatory system open, with dorsal contractile heart, arteries, and hemocoel
ARTHROPODA
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Respiration of arthropoda
body surface, gills, tracheae (air tubes), or book lungs;
36
Paired excretory glands in some, homologous to metameric nephridial system of annelids; some with other excretory organs, called
malpighian tubules
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Sexes of arthropoda are usually
separate
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Complete digestive system: Mouthparts modified --------- and ------
ancestral appendages and
adapted for different methods of feeding
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it is when and old exoskeleton splits along lines of fracture and organism pulls itself out of the old skeleton
Molting
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new skeleton is
soft
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organism stretches and expands it
(water uptake, increased blood pressure)
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new skeleton is soft; organism stretches and expands it (water uptake, increased blood pressure) to increase size of
new skeleton before it hardens permanently
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stages between molts
instars
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individuals become longer with
age
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some ---- continue to molt throughout life; others molt a fixed number of times before reaching adulthood, and then never molt again
arthropods
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molting is under
hormonal control
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secreted by
endocrine glands)
ecdysone
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(ecdysone, secreted by
endocrine glands
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have a high degree of cephalization
arthropoda
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because lens is part of the exoskeleton, it’s fixed and can’t be adjusted for
distance
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- some arthropods can see some color; especially true in
insects
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digestion/digestive tract of arthropoda
foregut, midgut, hindgut
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primarily functions in
ingestion, food storage
foregut
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site of enzyme production,
digestion, absorption
midgut
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absorption of water,
formation of feces
hindgut
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reprodcution an ddevelopment of arthropoda
dioecious, with a few exceptions
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Reproduction and development that is common arthropoda
copulation
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may have modified appendages for sperm transfer
arthropoda
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arthropoda may have modified appendages for ------
sperm transfer
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internal fertilization in
terrestrial forms
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external fertilization in
aquatic systems
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have jointed foot
Arthropoda
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is the largest phylum
arthropoda
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involves Insects, spiders,
crustaceans,
millipedes, scorpions,
ticks, etc.
Arthropoda
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Arthropoda involves Insects, spiders,
crustaceans, millipedes, scorpions ticks, etc.
Arthropoda
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Most successful phylum
Arthropoda
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6 Reasons for success of Arthropoda
1. Versatile exoskeleton
2. Efficient locomotion
3. Air piped directly to cells
(terrestrial)
4. Highly developed sensory
organs
5. Complex behavior
6. Metamorphosis
68
* External: not enveloped by living tissue
* Protection
* Secreted by underlying epidermis
Exoskeleton
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Waterproof barrier
Exoskeleton
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Can be site for muscle
attachment
Exoskeleton
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Energy stores- flying
Exoskeleton
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* Sensory receptors
* Gas exchange
* bristles
Exoskeleton
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Soft and permeable or hard, impermeable
Exoskeleton
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Between segments of
body/appendages=
thin + flexible
Exoskeleton
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Must be shed
Exoskeleton
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Relatively heavy
* Limits size
Exoskeleton
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Tagmatization, more specialized than
annelids
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cause of efficient locomotion in arthropods
Tagmatization
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Air piped directly to
cells
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More efficient than most
other invertebrates
Air piped directly to
cells
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Most have efficient
tracheal system of air
tubes; some breathe by
gills
82
initiates a
nerve impulse in a receptor cell
at its base
Displacement of seta
83
convert light energy into
nerve impulses
Eyes
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Sight, touch, smell, hearing, balance, chemical reception
Highly developed sense organs
85
* Complex, organized activities
* May be innate (unlearned) or learned
Complex behavior patterns
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Many arthropods undergo
metamorphosis
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means between/after;
meta
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it means form
morphē
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it means state of
osis
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Different stages (ie. larva, adult) have different nutrition/habitats \ no competition
Limited intraspecific competition
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4 Other Characteristics of Arthropods
Bilateral
triploblastic
schizocoelous
No septa
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5 subphylum of Arthropoda
1. Subphylum Trilobita
2. Subphylum Chelicerata
3. Subphylum Myriapoda
4. Subphylum Crustacea
5. Subphylum Hexapoda
93
extinct trilobites
Subphylum Trilobita
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includes horseshoe crabs, spiders, ticks, mites, and some extinct
groups
Subphylum Chelicerata
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includes centipedes, millipedes
Subphylum Myriapoda
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includes crabs, lobsters, shrimps, barnacles
Subphylum Crustacea
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involves Insects
Subphylum Hexapoda
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Had their beginnings before the Cambrian period in which they
flourished
SUBPHYLUM TRILOBITA
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Extinct for 200MY
SUBPHYLUM TRILOBITA
100
Abundant during Cambrian and Ordovician periods
SUBPHYLUM TRILOBITA
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SUBPHYLUM TRILOBITA were abundant during
Cambrian and Ordovician periods
102
Contained chitin in exoskeleton with 3 tagmata in the body
SUBPHYLUM TRILOBITA
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The chelicerate arthropods are characterized by having six pairs of
appendages
Subphylum Chelicerata
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The chelicerate arthropods are characterized by having
six pairs of
appendages
105
The chelicerate arthropods are characterized by having six pairs of appendages that include:
a pair of chelicerae
a pair of pedipalps
four pairs of walking legs
have no mandibles
no antennae
106
a pair of chelicerae and five pairs of walking legs in
horseshoe crabs
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They have no mandibles and no antennae
Subphylum Chelicerata
108
Most ------- suck up liquid food from their prey.
chelicerates
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includes Horseshoe crabs, spiders,
ticks, mites, scorpions
Subphylum Chelicerata
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Subphylum Chelicerata includes 5 animals
Horseshoe crabs
spiders,
ticks
mites
scorpions
111
Subphylum Chelicerata have piercing and sucking mouth parts called
chelicerae
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Have piercing and sucking mouth parts called chelicerae
Subphylum Chelicerata
113
class of Spiders, ticks, scorpions
Class Arachnida
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Most are predaceous
Class Arachnida
115
Include: spiders, scorpions, mites and ticks
Class Arachnida
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its Cephalothorax – 6 pairs of jointed appendages
Class Arachnida
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in arachnids it is (used to inject venom into prey)
1 pair of chelicerae
118
in arachnids it is used to holding food, chewing, & reproduction
1 pair of pedipalps
119
have 4 pairs of walking legs
Class Arachnida
120
how many pairs of walking legs do arachnids have
4 pairs
121
have 8 simple eyes at anterior end
Class Arachnida
122
how many eyes do arachnids have
8 simple eyes
123
Class Arachnida
* Include: (4)
spiders
scorpions
mites
ticks
124
have Spinnerets
Class Arachnida
125
In class Arachnida here are the *Spinnerets * Respiration found
Abdomen
126
Respiration of arachnida
* Book lung
* Tracheae and spiracles
127
Excretory organs of class arachnida
* Malpighian tubules
* Coxal glands
128
Most abundant and specialized archnids
Mites and Ticks
129
have Completely fused head and cephalothorax
Mites and Ticks
130
have
* Cephalothorax (prosoma)
* Fused head and thoracic region
Subphylum Chelicerata
131
their Abdomen (opisthosoma) contains digestive, reproductive, excretory, and respiratory organs
Subphylum Chelicerata
132
Appendages attached to cephalothorax
Subphylum Chelicerata
133
* No antennae
Subphylum Chelicerata
134
Most suck liquid food from prey
Subphylum Chelicerata
135
Represented by eurypterids (extinct) and xiphosurids (horsehoe crab—ancient group and sometimes called living fossil)
Class Merostomata
136
crab—ancient group and
sometimes called living fossil)
horsehoe crab
137
subclass of horsehoe crabs
SUBCLASS XIPHOSURIDA
138
are practically unchanged since the Triassic period, some 225 million
years ago.
Horseshoe crabs
139
They have an unsegmented, horseshoe-shaped carapace, and a broad abdomen, which has a long spinelike telson (tailpiece).
SUBCLASS XIPHOSURIDA
140
(flat, leaflike gills found under the gill opercula)
book gills
141
On some of the abdominal appendages book gills (flat, leaflike gills found under the gill
opercula) are exposed.
SUBCLASS XIPHOSURIDA
142
can swim awkwardly by means of their abdominal plates and can walk
on their walking legs.
Horseshoe crabs
143
They feed at night on worms and small molluscs and are harmless to humans.
SUBCLASS XIPHOSURIDA
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larva is called a trilobite
SUBCLASS XIPHOSURIDA
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SUBCLASS XIPHOSURIDA larva is called a
trilobite
146
are a numerous and diverse group, with over 50,000 species described so far.
Arachnids
147
The arachnid tagmata are a ------- and an ------
cephalothorax and an abdomen
148
* largest chelicerate class
* spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks
* terrestrial species (only a few are secondarily aquatic)
* epicuticle is waxy, to prevent water loss
* book lungs (derived from book gills, modified for air) or tracheae for
gas exchange
Class Arachnida
149
are mainly marine, and are the only
arthropod group that is primarily aquatic.
Subphylum Crustacea
150
are also the only arthropods with two pairs of antennae.
Crustaceans
151
Crustaceans are also the only arthropods with two pairs of
antennae
152
In addition to the antennae and mandibles, they have two pairs of ----- on
the head, followed by a pair of appendages on each body segment.
maxillae
153
In addition to the antennae and mandibles, they have two pairs of maxillae on
the head, followed by a pair of appendages on each body segment.
Subphylum Crustacea
154
(two main branches), and at least some of the appendages of present-day adults show that condition.
biramous
155
crabs, lobsters, shrimps; over half of crustacean species belong
to this class
Class Malacostraca:
156
ostracods, also called mussel or seed shrimp
Class Ostracoda
157
marine, freshwater, some terrestrial isopods (terrestrial: pill bugs, or “wood lice”); many parasitic forms, especially on fish
Order Isopoda:
158
are very small fresh-water crustaceans
characterised by their possession of broad leaf-like appendages
fringed with bristles, that are used for filter-feeding.
branchiopods
159
The best known examples of this group are the water fleas
Class Branchiopoda
160
in Class Branchiopoda The best known examples of this group are the
water fleas
161
are small, bivalved crustaceans usually less than 1 mm in size, which are widespread in nearly all aquatic habitats.
ostracods
162
are filter- feeders, producing a water current and catching small particles in their bristled appendages
Class Ostracoda
163
are flattened crustaceans which are temporary
parasites on fish.
branchiurans
164
Like most parasites many features have become reduced; the eyes are sessile, the antennae are very small, the abdomen is small and unsegmented and there are no gills.
Subclass Branchiura
165
are the only sessile group of
crustaceans
cirripedes (barnacles)
166
are totally marine, most being
free living while others are commensals or parasites on larger animals, such as fish, whales and turtles.
cirripedes
167
There are two types of free-living barnacles, the
the stalked and the non-stalked
168
form is considered to be
the more primitive.
stalked form
169
include about two thirds of all crustacean species, and contains all the larger forms, such as woodlice , shrimps , lobsters and crabs
Class Malacostraca
170
The Malacostraca include about two thirds of all crustacean species, and contains all the larger forms, such as
woodlice , shrimps , lobsters and crabs
171
are a large group of mainly marine
crustaceans, though some live in fresh water,
and a few, like the wood lice are terrestrial.
Isopoda
172
are the only large group of
crustaceans which are fully terrestrial.
Woodlice
173
are characterised by their dorsoventrally*
flattened bodies and their lack of a carapace.
Isopods
174
Isopods
are characterised by their -------- flattened bodies and their lack of a carapace.
dorsoventrally
175
show some similarity to
the isopods, but there are important
differences between the groups.
Amphipoda
176
One obvious difference is that they show lateral rather than dorsoventral* flattening of the body.
Amphipoda
177
are distinguished in having the first three
thoracic appendages included in the mouthparts
(maxillipeds), the remaining 5 being legs. The first pair of legs are often large, heavy and pincered; they are called chelipeds.
Decapoda
178
Their head and thorax are fused
to form a cephalothorax.
Decapoda
179
Decapodas head and thorax are fused to form a
cephalothorax
180
can be divided into two groups, those
which swim, including the shrimps , and those which crawl, including the lobsters, and crabs.
decapods
181
5 classes under Subphylum Uniramia/Myriapoda
Class Chilopoda
Class Diplopoda
Class Pauropoda
Class Symphyla
Class Insecta
182
class of centipedes
Class Chilopoda
183
class of millipedes
Class Diplopoda
184
class of pauropods
Class Pauropoda
185
class of symphylans
Class Symphyla
186
many footed
Myriapoda
187
decapods can be divided into two groups, those
which swim, including the
shrimps
188
decapods can be divided into two groups, those which crawl, including the ---- and -----
lobsters and crabs
189
This subphylum includes the insects and the myriapods (centipedes and
millipedes).
Subphylum Uniramia
190
are active predators with a preference for moist places such as under logs or stones, where they feed on earthworms, insects, etc.
Centipedes
191
Centipedes are active predators with a preference for moist places
such as under logs or stones, where they feed on
earthworms, insects, etc
192
"Two Feet"
Class Diplopoda
193
have cylindrical bodies made up of 25 to 100 segments.
Millipedes
194
are less active than centipedes and are generally herbivorous, living on decayed plant and animal matter and sometimes living plants.
Millipedes
195
class of Millipedes
Class Diplopoda
196
- secretive, shun light, live under leaves, bark, logs, in soil, and in caves
Class Diplopoda
197
found in soil and leaf mold, small (< 8mm)
-have 12 leg-bearing trunk segments; 14th trunk segment (no legs)
Class Symphala
198
-- head has mandibles, paired 1st and 2nd maxillae for feeding and have No eyes
Class Symphala
199
small class of grublike animals that live in leaf mold and
soil
Class Pauropoda
200
are adapted for grinding and piercing
mandibles
201
their mandibles are adapted for grinding and piercing
Class Pauropoda
202
they feed on fungi, decomposing plant material, and a few
are predatory
Class Pauropoda
203
are the most numerous and diverse of all the groups of arthropods.
insects
204
differ from other arthropods in having three pairs of legs and usually two
pairs of wings on the thoracic region of the body, although some have one pair of
wings, or none.
Insects
205
range from less than 1 mm to 20 cm in length, the majority being
less than 2.5 cm long.
insects
206
insect tagmata are the
the head, thorax, and abdomen
207
usually bears a pair of relatively large compound eyes, a pair of antennae, and usually three ocelli.
head
208
Their head usually bears a
pair of relatively large compound eyes, a pair of antennae, and usually three
ocelli.
Class Insecta
209
subphylum of Class Insecta
Subphylum Hexapoda
210
largest group of animals, representing over 3⁄4 of all described metazoans!
Class Insecta
211
insects have 3 body parts:
head, thorax, abdomen
212
insects have thorax with
3 pairs of legs, 2 pairs of wings
213
they have pair of antennae on head
Class Insecta
214
they have pair of compound eyes
Class Insecta
215
what class have a tracheal system for gas exchange
Class Insecta
216
class insecta have open onto the posterior end of the abdomen
gonoducts
217
have mainly terrestrial; a few species are aquatic or have aquatic larvae
Class Insecta
218
they are also disease vectors affecting humans and many other species
Class Insecta
219
they have an ecological significance: 2⁄3 of flowering plants rely on insects for pollination
Class Insecta
220
differ from other arthropods in having three pairs of legs. In size, insects range from less than 1 mm to 20 cm in length, the majority being less than 2.5 cm long.
Insects
221
means in (into)
sect (cut).
Insect
222
have 3 body segments-
head, thorax (chest), abdomen (stomach area)
Class Insecta
223
they have 1 pair of antennae
Class Insecta
224
composed of tubes, with holes
(spiracles) through the body that admit air.
Tracheal Respiratory System
225
they do not have lungs at all
Class Insecta
226
usually two pairs of wings, although
some have one pair of wings, or none.
Class Insecta
227
No other
class of arthropods has
wings
228
have 3 pair of legs, 1pair to each of the 3 thoracic segments.
Class Insecta
229
they have Compound eyes, with facets
Class Insecta
230
3 Insect mouthparts
* 1. chewing
* 2. piercing-sucking
* 3. lapping and sponging
231
what insects use mouthparts for chewing
(beetles, cockroaches).
232
they use their mouthparts as peircing-sucking
(mosquitoes, bugs).
233
insects that uses moithparts for lapping and sponging
(flies)
