Echo bit of everything Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
Pulsus Paradoxus
A
During INSPIRATION the RV shift the IVS towards the LV in diastole
During EXPIRATION the LV shift the IVS towards the RV
2
Q
DX
A
Penetrating Ulcer
It’s an atherosclerotic ulcer that penetrated the intima tunica until rich the media tunica
3
Q
Echo free space Anterior to Descending aorta, is called?
A
Pericalrdial effusion
4
Q
DX
A
Pericarditis
5
Q
DX
A
Apical HCMP
6
Q
DX
A
Dilated Cardiomyopathy or
LBBB
7
Q
Firts thing to evaluated in dilated Cardiomyophaty
A
Systolic function
8
Q
How to know if the patient has a intrapulmonary shunt after contrast study?
A
If the bubbles appers in the LA and LV after 5 beast (counting from the full oapcification of the RA and RV)
9
Q
Small pocket of Pericardium surrounding the great arteries posterioly
A
the transvers sinus
10
Q
DX
A
Restricitve CDP
11
Q
When could it be considered an atrial spetal aneurysms?
A
if the bulge is more than 1 cm
12
Q
Does high output power destroid the microbubles?
A
yes, so careful adjustmen of instrument power O is needed during contrast study.
Usually MEchanical index aboit 0,5
13
Q
Early Echo sing of Tamponade?
A
Right atrial Systolic collapse
Ealy sign because the right atrial has the lowets pressure
14
Q
How to know if the patient has a intracardiac shunt after contrast study?
A
If the bubbles appers in the LA and LV before 3 beast
15
Q
When the term Aneurysm is used on the Aorta?
A
when the dilatation of the aorta Exceeds the expected diameter by 50% or more
16
Q
What are the most cause of death from Aortic Aneurysms?
A
Dissection and Ruptures
17
Q
B bump indicated:
A
Systolic Disfunction:
Dilated cardiomyopathy
18
Q
Echo finding on Cardiac Tamponade
A
-RA systolic collapse greater than one-third of systole
-RV diastoly collapse
-Severe IVC dilatation
-Reciprocal Respiratoy changes >25% in RV and LV filling
-Reciprocal respiratory changes in RV and LV volumen (septal Shifting)
-Reduce E’ in TDI
19
Q
Classification of HOCM?
A
not obstructive, PG < 30mmhg
Obstuctive, PG > 30mmhhg
Provacate or latent, PG <30mmhg but the obstruction occurs just with excercise
20
Q
what can it cause a Sweinging Heart? and is it demostrated in ECG
A
Large pericardial E.
In ECG, there is an alternation of QRS. one high and another small.
21
Q
Vessels tha supply bood to the vessel?
A
Vaso Vasorum vessel
22
Q
DX
A
RA Systole Collapse more than one-third of systole. Cardiac Tamponade
23
Q
DX
A
24
Q
DX
A
SAM
Preture closure of the mitral valve. and it looks like subvalvular aortic but at the end of the signal opens a bit more
25
Can pericarditis be diagnosed just with ECho?
Not, it a clinical DX
Echo is looking for effusion, tamponade or thickening of the pericqrdium
26
Contraindication of contrast study?
Hypersensitivity to contrast agent or ingredients
It's the only contraindication
27
DX
RV diastole collapase. Cardiac Tamponade
28
What are the BLIND SPOT of the Aorta in TTE?
Distal part of the Ao
Anterior part of the Arch
29
DX
Sinus of Valvasa Aneurysms on TEE
30
Types of Contrast Agent
Agitated Saline (right Heart)
Microbubles (LV and miocadial opacification)
31
DX
Cardiac Amyloidosis
symmetrci LV hyperttophy and it looks like speckel
32
DX
Aortic Arch Dissection
33
The echo contrast is mainly used for evaluation of what orifice in the atrial?
ostium secundum
34
DX
Pulsus alternans
Indicated Systolic disfunction
35
Name of th sign and DX
Cobweb sign
aortic dissection, the cobweb is always pointing towards the false lumen
36
Typical findings in marfan syndrome?
Effacement of the Sinotubular junction
Dilated Ao
MR
LV Enlargment
37
DX
Dinamic obstruction
SAM
Dagger Shaped
38
how many bubbles do you have to see when using Agitated SC in order to be severe?
1 - 9 small
10- 30 moderated
>30 SEVERE
39
DX
Intramural Hematoma
40
DX
Restrictive CDP
41
If there is a bulge in the Atrial septal lees than 1 cm, how is it called?
Redundant Atrial Septum
42
DX
HTN .: Findings
1- LV Hypertrophy
2- AV Sclerosis
3- Calcificated MV
4- Ao dilatation
43
Effacement of the sinutubular junction is characteristis of:
Marfan syndrome
44
Does the Micarobubles (Agent contrats) have a lower impidence than the blood
true
45
DX
Systoly disfunction
Decrease on Anteroo-posterio movement of the Aortic root
Premature clusure of the AV
46
DX
Left Ventricle non compaction cardiomyopathy
47
DX
Intramural Hematoma. it's demostrated as a thick wall betwwen the lumen of the vessel and the brignnes of the adventicia tunica on the botton
48
Autoinmune system responde causing pericarditis after damage to a hear tissue?
Also called, Post Miocardial Infarctation Syndrome
Dressler's Syndorme
49
Name of the effects that creates SAM
Drag Effect or Venturi Effect
50
The Reciprocal Respiratory changes in volumen is Known as:
Pulsus Paradoxus
51
most common cause of Atrial enlargment?
HTN
52
DX
Mid LVOT obstruction (lobster signal)
53
how differenciate between Ascites and pericardial Effusion?
the Falciform ligamente is floating in ascites
54
Measurements of the aorta are made at:
End diastole, inner edge to inner edge
55
DX
Eustacian valve. localized superior to the IVC
56
Dx
Stranding in purulent effusion
57
Sign of Aortic Dissection?
Ao dilatation
Ao regurgitation
Pericardial Effusion
A new regional wall motion abnormality
58
Most sensitive Echo finding in Cardiac Tamponade?
IVC dilated
(whiout it, there is not cardiac Tamponade)
59
indicates hemorrghe, malignat etiology or infamatory desiase
Stranding
often seeing in infected pericardiatis
60
Name of the Cardiomyphathy produced by strees
TAKOTSUBO cardiomyopathy
or octopus
61
Debakey Aortic Dissection Classification?
Tipe I: includes ascending, Arch and Descending
Tipe II: includes Just the ascending Aorta
Tipe III: includes just the Descending Aorta
62
Atherosclerosis of the Aorta may lead to:
Dilatation
Aneurysm
Dissection
63
how much is the normal pericardial Fluid?
5 to 10 ml between Visceral and Parietal pericardium
64
Causes of Aortic Dilatation?
HTN
BIcuspid Valve
Marfan Syndrome
65
Dilated cardiomyopathy is known as:
HFrEF: hear failure with reduced ejection fraction
IT is a systolic failure
66
What is this?
Coumadin Ridge, is part of the LA that lies between the LA appendage and the Left superior pulmonary vein
67
DX
SAM
"it may look like Late systolic hammocking but the C-D slope in Sam goes up and in late systolic H just goes down@
68
DX
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
69
Stanford Classificacion of Aorta Dissection?
Stanford A: Just the Ascending but may propagates to the arch and the descending Ao
Stanford B: Just Descending Ao
70
What is the best view to evaluated Pericardial Effusion?
Subcostal view
PF could be evaluated in
4CV
PSAX
Subcostal view (best one)
71
DX
Atrial spetal aneurysms
72
Characteristic of Constrictive Pericarditis
Impared Diastolic filling
Early diastolic Filling is rapid which leads E/A radio >2
Grade 3 diastole disfunction (restrictie pattern but with normal E')
Normal E' but E wave bigger than A wave like in patient with Super nomal filling
73
Increasing in the pericardial Pressure excciding the cardiac pressure chambers without IVC dilatation
Tamponade physiology
74
Acumulation of cell or proteins in the myocardial will lead to:
Restrictive CDP
Amyloidosis
Sarcoidosis
Hemocromatosis
Scleroderma
75
Severity of the Pericardial Effusion?
Small PF <0,5cm
Moderate PF 0,5 to 2 cm
Severe PF >2cm
76
Characteristic of True lumen in Ao dissection?
Concave
Large in Ascending and Aortic Root
Small is Descending Ao
never has a coweb
Rare formation of thrombus
The true lumen expand in systole
77
DX
Pericardial Cist
78
Hypotension, decrease in the CO and pericardial pressure above cardiac chambers pressure, with dilation of the IVC
Cardiac Tamponade
79
Explain this image
Reciporcal variation changes during diastole in LV inflow
during experiation the lv inflow and the lvot outflow decreases while the rv inflow and pulmonary inflow increases.
Pulsus paradoxus.
80
Echo free space posterior to Descending Aorta, is called?
Pleural effusion
81
Microbables contrast agent size
5 micros
82
Characteristic of False lumen in Ao Dissection?
Convex
Small in Ascending and Aortic Root
Larger in Descending Ao
Cobweb 100%
Higt risk of Thrombus
the false lumen compress in systole
83
DX
Pulsus Paradoxus, Cardiac Tamponade
84
Excessive Bublle Destruction in the near field. (Apex) during contraste study
SWIRLING
Solution:
Decrease MI
Increase contrast dose
MOVe the focus
85
The physiologic consecuences of fluid in the pericardial space depend on:
the volume
Th rate of fluid accumulation (time)
86
How much the respiratory Variation in diastolic filling has to be in order to be considerate Cardiac Tamponade?
> 25%
87
Autoinmune Tissue Disorder that can cause aneurysms of the Ao and it's characterized by Effacement of the sinutubular junction and enlargment of the sinusus of Valvasa, in adition to Dilation of the Ao. is called?
Marfan Syndrome
88
Dessises of the Aorta?
Dilatation
Aneurysmsn
dissection of the aorta
Intramural Hematoma
Penetraring Ulcer
89
Name the anatomy
90
DX
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
91
DX
Contrast study showing Apical Hypertrophy C
92
Common feature of all Hypertophy CMP patterns?
Normal thickness of the Basal Posterios Lv Wall
93
DX
Dilated coronary sinus
94
DX
LV non-compacted miocardial with contrast
95
Pattern and Degree of the Hypertrophy Cardiomyopathy? classification
Septal or sigmoidel predominat
Reversal Septal contour
Apical HCM
Neutral HCM
96
Pandiastolic Filling Restriction?
Tamponade
The blood goes during the whole diaslote
97
DX
Mind and apical Hypertrophy with Aneurysm
98
Biphasic Filling Restriction?
Constrictive Pericarditis
99
DX
Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis. look how the leaflet flutter
100
What are the Differential Diagnosis of HCMP?
HTN
Aortic Stenosis
Athletes heart
Subaortic Stenosis
LV noncompaction
Cardiac Amyloidosis
101
How does the microbubles can be administrated?
Dilution (most common) 1vias of contrast in 9 cc saline
Infusion
Bolus
102
What organs control the pressure of the heart chambers?
the pericardium
103
Caracteristic of the Hypertrophy cardiomipathy
Asimetric Hypertophy of the LV >1,5cm
Diastolic disfunction
sistolic preserve
LA enlargment
Dinamic LVOT obstruction
104
How is the E' signal TDI in Constritive Pericarditis?
Normal, but the mitral inflow signal is a restrictive pattern E wave bigger than A wave
105
pericardium that extends posterioly to LA, between the four pulmonary veins?
oblique sinus
106
Types of Cardiomyopathy?
Dilated
Hypertrophic
restrictve
107
when Peripartum Cardiomyopathy happend
During the final month of pregancy and after 5 month of delivery
108
DX
D reversal in Constrictive Pericarditis.
its tipical to see you a Swave in cardiac tamponade
109
Obove which number Aneurysms can be considered?
Above 50% of it's regular meassure
110
Inflamation of the pericardium?
pericarditis
111
tipical finfind in HTN heart Desiase?
Atrail enlargment
LV hypertrophy
Dilated Ascending Aorta
AV esclerosis
MVC Mitral valve calcificacion
112
DX
pulsed alternate
indication of Diastole disfunction
113
Types of Aneurysm?
Succular
Fusiform (most common)
114
what is the main difference between Eccentric or Concentric hypertrophy and Hypertrophy cardiomeopathy?
In concentric hypertrophy the thickness increases because the myocitis are add parallel or in series but in Hypertropy CDM are disorganized
115
Dilated cardiomyophaty is caracterized by
Impared LV contractility
Reduce cardiac output
Eleveted LVEDP
116
Risk of factor for Aortic dissection
HTN
Atherosclerosis
117
How to diagnosis pericarditis?
At least 2 criterias?
ST elevation
Chest Pain (like IM)
New or increased Pericardial Effusion
Pericardial rub on auscultation
118
DX
Aneurysms of the ascending aorta
it's causing a compression of the RA
