Echocardiography Chapter 2: Normal Anatomy and Flow Patterns on Transthoracic Echocardiography Flashcards
In the apical 5-chamber view, which coronary cusps of the aortic valve can be seen?
The right coronary cusp and the left coronary cusp can be seen in A5C; the non-coronary cusp is posterior to the imaging plane.
Source: https://courses.sonosim.com/learn/course/intro-to-echocardiography-part-ii/echocardiographic-technique/apical-window?page=2
In relation to the apex, which of the atrioventricular valves are closer to the apex?
The tricuspid valve should be more apically inserted.
What information can be best obtained in A5C?
In A5C, LVOT flow velocity, and how well the aortic valve works.
Source: https://courses.sonosim.com/learn/course/intro-to-echocardiography-part-ii/echocardiographic-technique/apical-window?page=2
In the apical 2-chamber view, which anatomy can be seen?
2 chambers (one containing 2 walls and an important anatomical site, the other containing an appendage), one valve, and two important vessels
In A2C, the left ventricle (includes the LV apex, the mitral valve, the anterior LV wall, the inferior LV wall), and the left atrium (includes the atrial appendage), the descending aorta, and the coronary sinus
Which method of estimating ejection fraction is used in single plane 2D imaging the most?
The Teichholtz method is most often used in assessing EF.
Source: Otto, 2018
Which two structures are found at each end of the LVOT?
Hint: valve parts
The functional LVOT borders are the MV leaflet tips and the aortic annuli.
Starting at the apical 4-chamber view, which maneuver will get you an apical 2-chamber view?
State the maneuver, the direction, and how much of it you have to do.
You need to rotate 60 degrees counter-clockwise
In the apical four chamber, you DON’T see:
a) LV anterior wall
b) LV lateral wall
c) LV apex
d) interventricular septum
a) anterior wall
not sure about this one
In the apical 2-chamber view, you DON’T see:
a) LV anterior wall
b) LV inferior wall
c) RV free wall
d) coronary sinus
c) RV free wall
Select all that apply
Which windows/views are good for quantitatively assessing LVOT flow?
a) A5C
b) SC4C
c) PLAX
d) A3C
e) PSAX - aortic valve level
a) A5C, and d) A3C
From left to right, which coronary cusps can be seen in A3C?
In A3C, the RCC and NCC can be seen, similar to PLAX.
Source: Sonosim Intro to Echocardiography II
T/F
A3C can be useful in assessing mitral regurgitation.
True
Source: Sonosim Intro to Echocardiography II
Clockwise from 12 o’clock, list the order in which the aortic valve leaflets can be seen in PSAX.
RCC, LCC, NCC
A good mnemonic is “right lies north”. You can also see the respective coronary ostia beside the RCC and LCC.
Which CW tracing of a regurgitant jet resembles a shark fin?
A PR jet
Which CW tracing of a regurgitant jet resembles a bullet (2 possible answers)
MR/TR jets
