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CH 37 Orthopaedic Trauma > ECITS > Flashcards

ECITS Flashcards

1
Q

Fatigue fractures or March fractures can commonly be called

A

Stress fractures

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2
Q

Signs of a fracture include the following

A 
Deformity
Shortening
Swelling
Guarding
Tenderness
Crepitus
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3
Q

A fracture that is parallel to the long axis of the bone

A

Linear fracture

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4
Q

A fracture that is straight across a bone at right angles to each cortex

A

Transverse fracture

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5
Q

A fracture at an angle across the bone

A

oblique Fx

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6
Q

More than two fracture fragments in one Area of bone

A

Comminuted Fx

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7
Q

Less than two fracture fragrance but breaks occur in different parts of the bone

A

Segmental fracture

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8
Q

Displaced fracture

A

Ends of the fracture move from their normal position

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9
Q

Avulsion fracture

A

Muscle contraction causes the insertion site of the muscle to be fractured off of the bone

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10
Q

Can a LBB to be used as a full body splint

A

Yes

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11
Q

When should you complete full assessment of musculoskeletal injuries in a critical patient

A

In route

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12
Q

What is typically your greatest concern with a fracture

A

Hypoperfusion

Treat for possible shock if pale cool or clammy

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13
Q

The 6 P’s of musculoskeletal assessment

A 
Pain
Paralysis
Paresthesia
Pulselessness
Pallor
Pressure
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14
Q

What are you attempting to identify with palpation at an injured site

A

Instability, deformity, abnormal joint continuity, displaced bones, Crepitus, Distal pulses

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15
Q

Potential blood loss from the pelvis fracture

A

1500 to 3000 mL

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16
Q

Potential blood loss for a femur fracture

A

1000 1500 mL

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17
Q

Potential blood loss for humorous, tip fib, ankle or elbow fracture

A

250 to 500 mL

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18
Q

Potential blood loss for a radial or ulna fracture

A

150 to 250 mL

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19
Q

What to drug classifications can help reduce pain and a fracture site

A

Analgesics an antispasmotics such as diazepam and lorazepam

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20
Q

Cold packs should be used during what time frame

A

Initial 48 hours

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21
Q

What timeframe should you avoid using hot packs

A

The initial 48 to 72 hours

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22
Q

What are the benefits of splinting

A

Reduces further damage two muscles, nerves, vessels, skin

Allows clots to form

23
Q

What is the best way to stabilize multiple fractures

A

Long backboard

24
Q

What are ossification centers

A

Growth plates

25
Q

What are the types of injuries that a blood vessel can sustain due to a fracture

A

Contusion, Laceration, kink or band, pseudo aneurysms or a thrombosis

26
Q

One of the most devastating consequences of musculoskeletal injury

A

Compartment syndrome

27
Q

Open are safe from developing compartment syndrome

A

False

28
Q

Signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome

A 
Disproportional localized searing pain not relieved by medication
Firm to the touch
Pallored skin
Paresthesia
Burning numbness
Pulselessness is a late sign
29
Q

Management of compartment syndrome

A

Elevate extremity to heart level
Cold packs
Openly losing constrictive clothing and splinting
High flow oxygen
Bolus of fluid to help kidneys flush toxins due to Rhabdo

30
Q

A prolonged compressive force that impairs muscle metabolism and circulation

A

Crush syndrome

31
Q

What are the primary substances of concern and crush syndrome

A

Lactic acid, potassium, and myoglobin

32
Q

Treatment to take before releasing the compressive force in a crush injury patient

A

High flow oxygen
Bolus of fluid
EKG monitoring for hyperkalemia
Albuterol treatment to protect against potassium overload

33
Q

After extrication in a crush injury patient, if an EKG shows hyperkalemia what is the treatment

A

Calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate

34
Q

Signs and symptoms of a DVT

A

Disproportionate swelling of an extremity discomfort that worsens with use
Warmth and erythema

35
Q

What is Volkman ischemic contracture

A

A condition in which muscles of the forearm degenerate from prolonged ischemia

36
Q

What is a major complication of the scaphoid fracture

A

Avascular necrosis

37
Q

What is the functional position for an injured hand splint

A

The wrist and 30° of dorsiflexion with fingers slightly flexed

38
Q

Three types of pelvic fractures

A

Lateral compression
Vertical sheer
Anterior posterior compression

39
Q

Does the pelvic volume increase or decrease in the lateral compression fracture

A

Decrease

40
Q

Does the pelvic volume increase or decrease In an anterior posterior compression pelvic fracture

A

Increases

A.k.a. open book pelvic fracture

41
Q

Does the pelvic volume increase or decrease in a vertical sheer pelvic fracture

A

Increase

42
Q

Is a patient with the vertical sheer pelvic fracture likely to display a significant shortening of The affected limb side

A

Yes

43
Q

Should you reassess pelvic stability more than once

A

No

44
Q

Management of a unstable pelvic fracture

A

Two large bore IVs and fluid administration to maintain adequate tissue perfusion
Pelvic binder
ABC’s
Spinal stabilization

45
Q

What can a hip fracture consist of

A

Femoral head, femoral neck, intertrochanteric region or proximal for moral shaft

46
Q

What are fractures of the for moral head usually associated with

A

If this location

47
Q

Intertrochanteric fractures are usually associated with what population

A

Geriatric due to falls

48
Q

What is a common presentation for a displaced hip fracture

A

An externally rotated and shortened leg

49
Q

Management of a femoral fracture

A 
Treat for shock
Spinal mobilization
IV access
Traction splint
Pain medication
50
Q

Common complications of a tib/fib fracture

A

Compartment syndrome, neurovascular injury, infection, poor healing, And chronic pain

51
Q

A calcaneus fracture is often associated with what other fractures

A

Knee pelvis and spine

Requires spinal stabilization particularly if it is a bilateral calcaneous fracture

52
Q

Why is a sternoclavicular dislocation a possibly life threatening injury

A

Due to possible damage of the trachea, esophagus, jugular vein, subclavian artery, Carotid artery

53
Q

Common cause of a shoulder dislocation

A

Falling on an outstretched abducted and externally rotated arm

CH 37 Orthopaedic Trauma (1 decks)

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