ECM

Question 1

what is the function of the epithelium

Answer 1

its a barrier, it protects

limits what can pass through

Question 2

What collagen is present in the basal lamina

Answer 2

Type IV collagen

Question 3

How many amino acids are there

Answer 3

20

Question 4

what tissues are not elastic made of collagen

Answer 4

Cartilage, tendons, ligaments

Question 5

What are the functions of the ECM

Answer 5

Structural scaffolding- fibrillar collagen
Selective barrier- type IV collagen
Guide cell migration
Elasticity- elastin
Holding water- proteoglycans
Regulation of cell survival 
Regulation of cell proliferation 
Regulator of GF activities

Question 6

what systems stimulate cells

Answer 6

Endocrine
Paracrine
Autocrine

Question 7

What is endocrine

Answer 7

cells secrete a hormone into the vascular system (systemically) which then reaches its target cells
Ex; Steroid hormones

Question 8

what is paracrine

Answer 8

cells secrete a hormone which diffuses to a nearby target cell.
Ex. wound healing, GF
Immune system; cytokine

Question 9

What is autocrine

Answer 9

same cell both produces and responds to a given hormonal signal.
Ex. Immune system; IL-2 produced by T lymphocytes stimulates proliferation of T lymphocytes.

Question 10

What are common features in GF and cytokines

Answer 10

they are protein hormones that affect cell behavior by binding to high affinity plasma membrane receptors.

Question 11

what are the three GF receptor domains

Answer 11

Extracellular
Transmembrane
Intracellular

Question 12

what are the two types of kinase receptors

Answer 12

Tyrosine kinase receptor

Serine/Threonine Kinase receptor

Question 13

What does Phospho relay do in Tyrosine Kinase receptor activation

Answer 13

Signal transduction

Question 14

where are the steroid hormone receptor located

Answer 14

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Question 15

What are common GFs

Answer 15

BMPs
TGF-betas 
Int
FGF
IGF
PDGF

Question 16

Ways to inactivate GF activity

Answer 16

Inhibition by:
pro domain 
ECM binding protein
ECM antagonists 
ECM

Question 17

What does TGF-beta do

Answer 17

controls proliferation, differentiation.

Negative autocrine GF

Question 18

Disregulation of TGF-beta activation/signaling is associated with

Answer 18

Marfan syndrome
Camurati-Engelmann disease 
cancer
fibrosis
Scleroderma

Question 19

What type of cells are in bone

Answer 19

osteoprogenitor
osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Osteocytes

Question 20

What is the function of BMP

Answer 20

Increase osteoblast differentiation

Ectopic bone formation

Question 21

What is the function of TGF

Answer 21

inhibition of osteoblast differentiation

osteoclasts?

Question 22

Fibrillin-1

Answer 22

The most common elastic protein in nature
binds to elastin
found in all dynamic connective tissues: arteries, lung, skin, elastic cartilage.

Question 23

two overlapping characteristics of LDS and MFS

Answer 23

Micrognathia

Retrognathia

Question 24

Unique characteristics to LDS

Answer 24

Bifid uvula
Cleft palate
hypertelorism

Question 25

LDS mutations

Answer 25

TGF-beta R1

Question 26

Achondroplasia

Answer 26

``` Autosomal dominant dwarfism malocclusion crowding FGFR 3 ```

Question 27

Crouzon Syndrome

Answer 27

CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS Exophtalmos narrow high arch FGFR 2 or 3 mutation

Question 28

Apert syndrome

Answer 28

Autosomal dominant Acro-cephalo-syndactyly syndactyly; suggest no apoptosis bn fingers/toes FGFR 2 mutation

Question 29

Dental sx in Apert syndrome

Answer 29

High arched palate pseudo mandibular prognathism due to under developed mid facial region. Narrow palate Crowding