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Living Environment > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

What is Carrying Capacity

A

The maximum # of organisms that the ecosystem can support

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2
Q

What is a niche

A

An organism’s job

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3
Q

What is Competition

A

The population that is the best adapted to the environment will increase and the other population will die out or will move out

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4
Q

What is Indirect competition

A

Struggle for resources among organisms in an ecosystem.

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5
Q

What is Direct competition

A

Organisms hunt and kill each other (ex: predator & prey)

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6
Q

What is Ecological succession

A

The process by which an ecosystem changes over time - often from a barren piece of land to a complex ecological community

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7
Q

What is Biotic

A

Living

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8
Q

What is Abiotic

A

Nonliving

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9
Q

What is a habitat

A

The place where an animal or plant lives.

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10
Q

What is a population

A

All the organisms of a species that live in the same area.

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11
Q

What is a community

A

All populations that live together in the same area

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12
Q

What is an ecosystem

A

An ecosystem consists of all the living and nonliving things that interact in a specific area.

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13
Q

What is a biome

A

Group of terrestrial land ecosystems that have the same climate & communities

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14
Q

What is a biosphere

A

The part of Earth where life exists, including land, water & atmosphere

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15
Q

What is a producer

A

An organism that can make its own food

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16
Q

What is a primary consumer

A

An animal that eats plants

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17
Q

What is a secondary consumer

A

An organism that eats primary consumers

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18
Q

What does a decomposer do

A

They break down dead organisms & at the same time return raw materials back to the
ecosystem (ex: bacteria & fungi)

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19
Q

What is a scavenger’s niche

Study These Flashcards
A

To eat animals that were killed
& leftover by secondary consumers

20
Q

What do herbivores eat

Study These Flashcards
A

Eat only producers

21
Q

What do carnivores eat

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A

Eat only meat

22
Q

What do omnivores eat

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A

Eat both producers and meat

23
Q

What is parasitism

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A

What the parasite benefits and the host is affected negatively (+, -) ex. Tick and human

24
Q

What is mutualism

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A

Both benefit (+,+) Ex: bee & flower

25
What is commensalism
When one benefits and the other is unaffected (+, 0) Ex: Whale and barnacle
26
What is a predator & prey relationship
Predator benefits & prey is affected negatively Ex: Rabbit & Lynx
27
What is pollution
Anything that can make the earth dirty and unhealthy.
28
What is a renewable resource
Items that will keep coming back as long as we treat them properly / replaceable
29
What has an negative impact on the ecosystem & on humans
Human action(industrialization, pollution, over hunting, introduction to foreign species, deforestation, etc.)
30
What is biodiversity
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on earth. Low biodiversity = less stability & High biodiversity = more stability
31
Effects of industrialization, pollution, over hunting, introduction to foreign species, deforestation
Acid rain, loss of habitat, loss of diversity, global warming, loss of ozone layer, introduced species, industrialization (not in order)
32
List some actions that humans can do in order to reduce or repair damage to the environment
Recycling wastes, using renewable resources (solar power over fossil fuels), protection of habitats and endangered species, using biological controls instead of pesticides, planting trees to replace the ones that were cut down, passing laws to control pollution or hunting
33
What is a pathogen & list examples
Disease in humans may result from foreign invader organisms called / examples: Viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi
34
What are White blood cells & list examples
Defenders of the body & are the main components of the immune system / Ex: Phagocytes & Lymphocytes
35
What do Phagocytes do
Engulf (choke) and Destroy bacteria
36
What do Lymphocytes do
Produce antibodies
37
What are Antigens
Protein "tags" that can be used to identify a cell or virus
38
What is an Antibody
Proteins made by white blood cells to attack antigens *EACH ANTIBODY ATTACKS A SPECIFIC ANTIGEN AS DETERMINED BY ITS SHAPE*
39
Why does our body's immune response reject organ transplants
The immune system recognizes that they are not from that person's body and that they are "foreign," and attacks them.
40
Fix this mistake: Antibodies are cells that attack pathogens
Antibodies are PROTEINS that attack pathogens, NOT CELLS
41
What is a vaccine
An injection of a dead or weaken pathogen
42
Fix this mistake: Vaccines are used to cure dieases
Vaccines only PREVENT diseases you do NOT already have. THEY ARE NOT CURES
43
What are antibiotics
Drugs that are used to stop infections by bacteria. Antibiotics will not work against viruses but unlike viruses, antibiotics can cure diseases
44
Explain how AIDS was caused, what happens to the body, how the person got it & how to cure it / prevent it / make it easier to live with
Caused by HIV (virus/pathogen), weakens human immune system/makes body vulnerable, spread through bodily fluids or sexual contact or IV drug use or blood transfusions, can't be cured but can be prevented by having "safe sex", not sharing needles & testing blood before using it for a transfusion
45
Explain how Cancer was caused, what happens to the body, how the person got it & how to cure it / prevent it / make it easier to live with
Caused when a cell divides at an uncontrolled rate - forming a tumor or may be caused by radiation or chemicals (cigarette smoke) or viruses, cancer cells do not take resources from healthy tissue, treatment can be surgery or radiation therapy or chemotherapy
46
Explain how Diabetes was caused, what happens to the body, how the person got it & how to cure it / prevent it / make it easier to live with
Affects the body's ability to control blood sugar, some diabetics may be treated using injections of insulin made by genetically engineered bacteria
47
Explain how Allergies was caused, what happens to the body, how the person got it & how to cure it / prevent it / make it easier to live with
Occurs when an immune system reacts to a hormonal substance (such as pollen) the same way it would a harmful pathogen, Asthma is a form of allergy caused by a reaction of dust particles in the air

Living Environment (4 decks)

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