Reproduction

Question 1

what do ovaries do

Answer 1

they produce egg cells & hormones estrogen & progesterone

Question 2

what is an oviduct/Fallopian tube and what does it do

Answer 2

Site of fertilization & carries egg to uterus

Question 3

What is a uterus

Answer 3

A uterus is the site where the embryo develops

Question 4

What is a vagina and what does it do

Answer 4

The vagina is the birth canal of a woman & it’s the site that allows for internal fertilization

Question 5

What does the Testes do

Answer 5

The Testes produce sperm & the hormone testosterone

Question 6

What does the scrotum do

Answer 6

The scrotum is the external sac that keeps the Testes cool

Question 7

What does the Vas deferens do

Answer 7

the Vas deferens carry sperm from Testes to penis

Question 8

What does the seminal vesicle & prostate gland do

Answer 8

They both produce liquid with glucose for sperm

Question 9

What does the urethra do

Answer 9

The urethra carries urine & semen out of body

Question 10

At the beginning of puberty, the pituitary gland secretes…? (Testes)

Answer 10

FSH & LH

Question 11

What does testosterone stimulates

Answer 11

Testosterone stimulates the production of sperm

Question 12

What is an embryo

Answer 12

An embryo is a developing offspring

Question 13

What is a zygote

Answer 13

A fertilized egg cell

Question 14

Where does fertilization usually occurs

Answer 14

It usually occurs in the Fallopian tubes (oviduct)

Question 15

What happens after fertilization

Answer 15

The zygote begins to divide and travels to the uterus

Question 16

What is the embryo stage

Answer 16

The embryo stage is the stage in human development from the first division of the zygote until about 9 weeks after fertilization

Question 17

What is Cleavage

Answer 17

The term is used to describe the early cell division associated with embryonic development

Question 18

How does cleavage occurs

Answer 18

By mitosis

Question 19

What is the definition of Morula

Answer 19

A solid ball of cells

Question 20

What is the difference between fraternal & identical twins

Answer 20

Fraternal: 2 eggs were released and both fertilized by different sperm
Identical: 1 egg fertilized by 1 sperm

Question 21

What is a blastula

Answer 21

A hollow ball of cells

Question 22

What is a gastrula

Answer 22

A gastrula folds inwardly, creating layers to the embryo’s shape

Question 23

What is Gastrulation

Answer 23

Gastrulation creates 3 layers and each layer will eventually form the different organ systems

Question 24

What happens in the Ectoderm layer

Answer 24

It creates Skin & CNS

Question 25

What happens in the Endoderm layer

Answer 25

It creates G1 Tract & Lungs

Question 26

What happens in the Mesoderm layer

Answer 26

It creates Muscle, Bone, & Blood

Question 27

What is Cell Differentiation

Answer 27

Cells become increasingly specialized in structure & function

Question 28

What is gene expression

Answer 28

All genes of the genome are present in every cell of the body, but only a small, specific fraction of these genes are actually expressed in each type of cell

Question 29

What makes some cells turn "on" some genes while other genes are "off"

Answer 29

Environmental influences from within the cell, from surrounding cells, or from outside the organism

Question 30

What is differentiation's ultimate goal

Answer 30

To have an embryo with many different types of cells

Question 31

What are stem cells

Answer 31

Stem cells are embryonic cells that can turn into any type of cell in the body

Question 32

How can stem cells help us

Answer 32

Can be used to make any type of cell that needs to be replaced in our bodies

Question 33

Where does the embryo develop

Answer 33

In the uterus - womb & is surrounded by an amniotic sac and fluid for protection from shock

Question 34

Why is the fetus floating in a fluid

Answer 34

The fetus is surrounded by amniotic fluid and it helps absorb shock

Question 35

What does a developing embryo need

Answer 35

1. Nutrients for ATP & to build its own body parts 2. Oxygen for ATP

Question 36

What does the placenta do

Answer 36

The placenta is the organ that allows for the exchange of nutrients and wastes

Question 37

What are examples of embryonic waste products

Answer 37

1. Metabolic waste (from cells) 2. Carbon Dioxide

Question 38

What does the umbilical cord do

Answer 38

The umbilical cord is responsible for carrying nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus, and waste away

Question 39

Examples of prenatal care

Answer 39

Good nutrition, Moderate exercise, no smoking, no drugs (prescription or illegal), & no alcohol

Question 40

What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

Answer 40

FAS is when the mother consumes alcohol during development and can cause FAS which has disastrous affects on the CNS

Question 41

What happens to the fetus when it has FAS

Answer 41

Low birth weight, small cranium, organ dysfunction, failure to thrive, developmental delays, learning disabilities, facial abnormalities & mental retardation

Question 42

What trimester is the most dangerous

Answer 42

The 1st trimester b/c all the organs are forming at this time. Dangerous chemicals can affect cell division