Ecology

Question 1

What is ecology?

Answer 1

The study of interactions between living organisms and the living and nonliving components of the environments

Question 2

What are the levels of organization?

Answer 2

Organisms, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere

Question 3

What is organism

Answer 3

individual living thing

Question 4

what is population

Answer 4

group of organisms of one type that live in the same area

Question 5

what is community

Answer 5

population that live together in a defined area

Question 6

what is ecosystem

Answer 6

community and its nonliving surroundings

Question 7

what is biosphere?

Answer 7

the part of earth that contains all ecosystems

Question 8

What is biotic?

Answer 8

Living

Question 9

what is abiotic?

Answer 9

nonliving

Question 10

What is range of tolerance?

Answer 10

range of conditions in which a species can survive (survival vs. conditions)

Question 11

what is acclimation

Answer 11

process by which an organism can adjust their tolerance

Question 12

What are conformers?

Answer 12

change with environment

Question 13

what are regulators?

Answer 13

use energy to control internal conditions

Question 14

What are two forms of escape?

Answer 14

Dormancy and migration

Question 15

What is a niche?

Answer 15

Role of a species within an enviornment

Question 16

What does a niche include?

Answer 16

range of tolerance, resources, methods to obtain resources, interactions

Question 17

What is a generalist?

Answer 17

large range of tolerance

Question 18

What is a specialist?

Answer 18

tiny range of tolerance

Question 19

what are the four consumer levels?

Answer 19

Tertiary, secondary. primary, and producers

Question 20

What are producers?

Answer 20

autotrophs

Question 21

what are primaries?

Answer 21

herbivores

Question 22

what are secondaries?

Answer 22

carnivores, omnivores, detrivores

Question 23

what are tertiaries

Answer 23

carnivore, omnivore, detrivore

Question 24

What are the four major nutrient cycles?

Answer 24

water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus

Question 25

what is the water cycle needed for?

Answer 25

chem reactions

Question 26

what is the carbon cycle?

Answer 26

backbone of organic materials

Question 27

What is the nitrogen cycle?

Answer 27

proteins and nucleic acids

Question 28

what is the phosphorous cycle?

Answer 28

skeletal structure, DNA, RNA

Question 29

What are the three characteristics of population ecology?

Answer 29

size, density, dispersions

Question 30

what is size

Answer 30

number of individuals

Question 31

what is density

Answer 31

crowdedness of population

Question 32

what is dispersion

Answer 32

spatial distribution

Question 33

what is the formula for growth rate?

Answer 33

birthrate - death rate (over 1000)

Question 34

what is a limiting factor

Answer 34

anything restricting growth

Question 35

what is a logistical modle

Answer 35

accounts for limiting factor

Question 36

what are the effects of inbreeding

Answer 36

decreased genetic variation and survivability

Question 37

what is mutualism?

Answer 37

everyone benefits

Question 38

what is commensalism?

Answer 38

one benefits, nothing happens to the other

Question 39

what is parasitism?

Answer 39

one benefits, one harmed

Question 40

what is predation?

Answer 40

killing prey

Question 41

what is competition?

Answer 41

both are harmed

Question 42

what is richness?

Answer 42

the number of species in an environment

Question 43

what are disturbances?

Answer 43

events that change communities, alter/ destroy organisms, alter resource abilities

Question 44

what is stability?

Answer 44

tendency of a community to maintain relatively constant conditions

Question 45

what is primary succession?

Answer 45

growth in an area not supporting life previously (ex. volcano)

Question 46

what is secondary succession?

Answer 46

sequential replacement of a species (ex. grassland to forest)

Question 47

what are the four aquatic ecosystems?

Answer 47

ocean, estuaries, lakes + ponds, streams

Question 48

what are the four levels of water depth?

Answer 48

Necritic, euphoric, bathyal, abyssal

Question 49

what is the necritic zone?

Answer 49

high oxygen, sunlight

Question 50

what is the euphotic zone?

Answer 50

sunlight, high oxygen

Question 51

what is the bathyal zone?

Answer 51

semi-darkness

Question 52

what is the abyssal zone?

Answer 52

pitch black, high nutrients, mostly scavengers

Question 53

what are estuaries?

Answer 53

where fresh and salt water meet

Question 54

what do rivers and streams rely on for oxygenation?

Answer 54

agitiation

Question 55

what are the four freshwater lake regions?

Answer 55

littoral, limnetic, profundal, benthic

Question 56

what is the littoral zone?

Answer 56

upp to where ground drops off

Question 57

what is the profundal zone?

Answer 57

dark zone

Question 58

what is the benthic zone?

Answer 58

bottom