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Science Biology > ecology > Flashcards

ecology Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

what is a habitat

A

the place where the organism lives

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2
Q

what is population

A

all the organisms of one species living in a habitat

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3
Q

what is a community

A

the population of different species living in a habitat

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4
Q

what are abiotic factors and examples

A

non living factors

moisture, light intensity, temp, carbon dioxide, wind

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5
Q

what are biotic factors and examples

A

living factors

predators, competition, pathogens, food

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6
Q

what is an ecosystem

A

interaction of a community of living organisms with the non living

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7
Q

what do plants fight for

A

light space water

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8
Q

what do animals fight for

A

space water food

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9
Q

what is interdependence

A

species depends on other species

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10
Q

what are structural adaptations

A

features of an organisms body structure

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11
Q

what are behavioural adaptations

A

the way organisms behave

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12
Q

what are functional adaptations

A

things that go on inside an organisms body

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13
Q

what are extrmophiles

A

organisms adapted to live in extreme conditions

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14
Q

what is biomass

A

mass of living material

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15
Q

what happens as animals eat animals

A

energy is transferred as animals eat each other

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16
Q

what happens as population of prey increases

A

so will predators

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17
Q

what happens as population of predators increase

A

prey decreases

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18
Q

why are predator-prey cycles out of phase

A

it takes a while for the populations to react

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19
Q

what is animal distribution

A

where they live

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20
Q

what are seasonal factors

A

presence of variations that occur at regular time intervals less than a year

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21
Q

what are geographical factors

A

physical and biological factors tied to geographic location

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22
Q

name the 3 factors that cause distribution to change

A

availability of water
temp
atmospheric gases

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23
Q

steps to water cycle

A

1) energy from sun makes water evaporate (transpiration)
2) water vapour condenses and falls as precipitation
3) drained back to sea

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24
Q

what are are living things made off

A

material they take from the world

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25
what does decay do
puts the nutrients back into the soil
26
carbon cycle
1) CO2 removed by green plants from photosynthesis 2) plants respire so carbon is returned 3) eaten by animals so carbon becomes part of them 4) animals respire 5) when they die decomposes eat them and then respire 6) animals produce waste 7) combustion releases CO2
27
what is compost
decomposed organic mattter
28
how does temp effect rate of decay
warmer makes rate faster as enzymes prefer condition | however if too warm the enzymes become denatured
29
how does oxygen effect rate of decay
rate of respiration
30
how does water effect rate of decay
faster in moist as they need water to carry out biological processes
31
what is biogas and how is it made
made of methane | microbes decay plant and animals anaerobically
32
how does batch generators work
biogas in small batches manually loaded by-products cleared away
33
how does continuous generators work
bio gas large scale continuously feed in steady rate
34
what is biodiversity
variety of different species
35
types of waste - water - land - air
sewage and toxic toxic chemicals and nuclear smoke, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide
36
how global warming works
gases in atmosphere absorb energy from the sun and re-radiate it in all directions
37
consequences of global warming
``` ice melt flooding distribution changes in migration biodiversity reduced ```
38
why is deforestation meaning less carbon dioxide is taken in
amount removed during photosynthesis is reduced | trees lock carbon dioxide
39
why is deforestation meaning more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
released when trees are burnt | decomposes feeding on wood release carbon dioxide
40
why is there less biodiversity because of deforestation
destroy habitats
41
why does destroying bogs produce more carbon dioxide
plants don't decay fully meaning rotten plants build up to form peats when it is drained for farmland microorganisms decompose it and respire and release CO2
42
what are bogs
areas of land that are acidic and waterlogged
43
ways to maintain ecosystems
breeding programs protect and regenerate rare habitats reintroduce field margins(areas of land around the fields where wild plants grow) regulations to reduce deforestation
44
why is it hard to persuade people to maintain ecosystems
cost (pay people/programs/saving money) cost of livelihood (jobs/money) protecting food security (pests/protect crops) development is important
45
what are trophic levels
different stages of a food chain (consist of one or more organisms that perform a specific role)
46
what are decomposes
break down remains and waste by using enzymes that break it down
47
how do you calculate efficiency of biomass transfer
biomass transferred to next level / biomass available at previous * 100
48
why is not much biomass transferred from one tropic level to the next
they don't eat everything don't absorb all the stuff they ingest converted into waste (glucose used to provide energy for movement but produce waste like CO2)
49
what happens as you go up the food chain
less biomass
50
what does a pyramid of biomass show
relative mass of living material at each trophic level
51
factors that effect food security
``` pests war weather increase in birth rate decrease in death rate ```
52
what is efficient in terms of food security
as much energy as possible makes it to the customer. the longer the food chain the ore energy is wasted
53
how can you make food production effective
sharing small spaces reduces energy lost through movement keep environment warm so no extra respiration and the animals can use it for growth given protein
54
issues of batch farming
unethical disease unnatural changes behavior
55
why are fish running out
over fishing better tech getting huge quantities of food
56
what can we do to maintain fish stocks
controlling size of nets | ban fishing in breeding season
57
what is Mycoprotein and how is it made
high protein meat substitute made of bacteria made from Fusarium which is grown in aerobic conditions on glucose syrup
58
how do you make human insulin
1) Plasmid is removed from bacteria 2) insulin gene cut out chromosome using enzyme (enzyme recognize specific sequence of DNA, cuts out one of the strands leaving an unpaired bases) 3) Plasmid cut open 4) mixed 5) Ligase added (joins the sticky ends) 6) inserted back into bacteria 7) grow in a vat
59
advantages of GM crops
resistant grow better provide more nutritional value
60
disadvantages of GM crops
tackle poverty first dependent on GM seeds poor soil

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