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Ecology Continued Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Evaporation

A

Water changed from a liquid to an atmospheric gas

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2
Q

Transpiration

A

Evaporation of water from plant leaves

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3
Q

Condensation

A

Water vapor cools and condenses into water droplets (clouds)

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4
Q

Precipitation

A

Water droplets become large and return to earths surface

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5
Q

Nutrients

A

All of the chemical substances an organism needs to live

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6
Q

Legumes

A

Plant containing seed pods (peas, beans, peanuts)

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7
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

Converting nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonia (NH3)

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8
Q

Denitrification

A

Some of the nitrogen is converted to N2 (nitrogen gas) and released back into the atmosphere

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9
Q

Ecosystem

A

A collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place together with their nonliving environment

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10
Q

Biotic factor

A

All of the living parts of an ecosystem

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11
Q

Abiotic factor

A

All of the nonliving parts of an ecosystem

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12
Q

Tolerance

A

The ability of a species to survive and reproduce under a range of environmental conditions

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13
Q

Habitat

A

The area where an organism lives including the biotic and abiotic factors that affect it

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14
Q

Niche

A

The full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions (the role of an organism)

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15
Q

Resource

A

Any necessity of life (water, food, nutrients, light, space)

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16
Q

Competition

A

When two organisms try to use an ecological resource in the same place at the same time

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17
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

Between members of the same species

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18
Q

Interspecific competition

A

Between members of different species

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19
Q

Competitive exclusion principle

A

No two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time

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20
Q

Predation

A

One animal captures and feeds on another animal

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21
Q

Herbivory

A

One animal (herbivore) feeds on a producer (plants)

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22
Q

Keystone species

A

A population change in the keystone species can cause dramatic changes in its community

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23
Q

Symbiosis

A

A close, long term interaction between two species in which at least one benefits

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24
Q

Biogeochemical cycles

A

How matter is passed through the biosphere and used by organisms

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25
Runoff
Water running on the surface
26
Ground water
Water not on the surface
27
Predator
The animal doing the hunting
28
Prey
The animal being hunted
29
Water cycle
Evaporation, transpiration (evaporation of water from plant leaves), condensation, precipitation. How water is passed through the environment
30
Carbon cycle
Carbon dioxide is released into atmosphere by cellular respiration, burning fossil fuels, ect Carbon dioxide is taken up by plants for photosynthesis and Carbon used to build carbohydrates Carbon is passed along food chains as carbohydrates and exalted back into environment as Carbon dioxide or turned into body material and released during decomposition
31
Nitrogen cycle
a continuous series of natural processes by which nitrogen passes successively from air to soil to organisms and back to air or soil involving principally nitrogen fixation, nitrification, decay, and denitrification
32
Nitrogen gas
Makes up 78% of earths atmosphere. Used to make ammonia. N2. Found in atmosphere, not usable by plants
33
Ammonia
Made during nitrogen fixation. Can be converted into nitrates and nitrites. NH3. Fixed nitrogen usable by some plants
34
Nitrites
Bacteria in soil convert ammonia to nitrites which is then used by autotrophs to make proteins which are eaten by consumers who use the nitrogen to make their own proteins. NO2. More usable nitrogen by plants
35
Nitrates
Bacteria in soil convert ammonia to nitrates which is then used by autotrophs to make proteins which are eaten by consumers who use the nitrogen to make their own proteins. NO3. More usable nitrogen by plants
36
Phosphorus cycle
Phosphate is taken up by plants from soil or water and bound into organic compounds. These organic compounds move through the food webs and are returned to the soil
37
Phosphates
Found in rocks, soil minerals, and ocean sediment. It is in the form of inorganic phosphate. PO4 3-
38
Mutualism
Both organisms benefit from the relationship
39
Commensalism
One organism benefits from the relationship, the other is not affected
40
Parasitism
One organism benefits, the other is harmed
41
Parasite
An organism that lives in or on another organism (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the host's expense
42
Host
an animal or plant on or in which a parasite or commensal organism lives
43
Ecological succession
Predictable changes that occurs in a community over time
44
Primary succession
Occurs on surfaces where no soil exists and there is no existing community
45
Pioneer species
The first species to populate an area during primary succession
46
Secondary succession
Follows a disturbance that destroys the community without destroying the soil
47
Climax community
Uniform and stable community that is the end result of primary and secondary succession
48
Geographic range
Indicates the area where a population can be found
49
Population density
Number of individuals per unit area
50
Growth rate
Tells us if a population is getting larger, smaller, or staying the same
51
Age structure
Describes the numbers of males and females of each age in a population
52
Population growth
How a population changes over time
53
Immigration
The movement of individuals into an area
54
Emigration
The movement of individuals out of an area
55
Birth rate
Number of individuals born to a population in a year
56
Death rate
Number of deaths in a population in a year
57
Exponential growth
Growth whose rate becomes more rapid in proportion to the growing total number or size. Explosive growth
58
J shaped curve
Caused by slow growth of a small population in the beginning, then exponential growth because of unlimited resources for a larger population
59
S shaped curve
Caused by logistic growth after exponential growth
60
Logistic growth
A populations growth slows or stops after a period of exponential growth
61
Carrying capacity
The largest number of individuals that an environment can support
62
Limiting factor
A factor that causes a populations growth to decrease or stop. It controls the size of a population.
63
Density dependent factor
Become limiting only when the population density becomes high enough
64
Predation
One organism captures and feeds on another
65
Density independent factor
Factors that affect all in the same way regardless of the population density
66
Population
All the members of a species in a given area

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