Genetics Number 2 Flashcards
(32 cards)
Gene
Short segment of DNA within a chromatin or chromosome that code for a trait
Allele
Different forms of a gene
Genotype
Genetic makeup of an organism
Phenotype
The traits you have because of the genes you have
Heredity
The transfer of traits from parents to offspring
Inheritance
The receiving of traits by the offspring
Mutation
Change in DNA that may result in a new phenotype
Germ cell mutation
Occurs in the gametes. They don’t affect the organism but are passed yo the offspring
Somatic cell mutation
Occurs in the body cells. Passed to the daughter cells by mutation
Chromosome mutations
Occurs in the chromosomes
Deletion
A piece of chromosome is deleted
Inversion
A section of chromosome breaks off and reattaches in the opposite direction
Translocation
A section breaks from one chromosome and attaches to another
Nondisjunction
When chromosome pairs fail to separate during meiosis
Monosomy
When a zygote has only 1 chromosome of a particular pair
Turner syndrome
Chromosomal disorder. The absence of part or all of a 2nd sex chromosome in some or all cells
Trisomy
When a zygote has 3 of a particular chromosome
Down syndrome
An extra 21st chromosome
Kleinfelter syndrome
Born with 1 or more extra X chromosomes
Point mutation
The substitution, addition, or deletion of a single nitrogen base from a codon
Mutagens
Environmental factors that damage DNA
Ames test
Test to determine the mutagenic activity of chemicals by observing whether they cause mutations in sample bacteria
Sex chromosome
Chromosomes that determine an individual’s sex
Autosomes
All the chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes
