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Ecology Part 1 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Branch of bio that studies how organisms interact with each other and their environment

A

Ecology

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2
Q

Nonliving physical factors in the environment that influence organisms

A

Abiotic factors

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3
Q

Living components of the environment

A

Biotic factors

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4
Q

Thin layer of soil, water and air where all life exists. Extends 8km deep in the ocean and 8km up in the atmosphere

A

Biosphere

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5
Q

Large geographical area that is characterized by a dominant form of vegetation

A

Biome

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6
Q

Newfoundland is located in which biome

A

The boreal forest biome

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7
Q

All parts of a biological community and its environment. Usually has a defined boundary. Can be large or small

A

Ecosystem

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8
Q

All the diff populations of organisms in a given area of a given time

A

Community

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9
Q

The number of individuals of the same species living in a geographical area at a given time

A

Population

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10
Q

A group of organisms of the one kind that normally interbreed with each other to produce fertile offspring

A

Species

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11
Q

Features and behaviours that help a species survive in a given environment

A

Adaptations

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12
Q

An ecosystem capable of withstanding the pressures of survival and which provides support for a variety of living organisms

A

Sustainable ecosystem

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13
Q

Benefits one organism and harms another

A

Parasitism

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14
Q

Beneficial to both organisms

A

Mutualism

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15
Q

One organism benefits and the other is unaffected

A

Commensalism

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16
Q

Depends on temp and precipitation

A

Climate

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17
Q

Varies with latitude and altitude, large bodies of water stabilize temp changes

A

Temp

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18
Q

Influenced by mountains and large bodies of water, costal areas get more

A

Precipitation

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19
Q

45 n and 65 n latitude in Canada. 55-65 n in Russian, Finland and Scandinavia

A

Location of boreal forest

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20
Q

Cold winters and warm summers. Moderate to high rainfall most falls as snow

A

Climate in boreal forest

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21
Q

The dominant vegetation is conifers. Such as pine, spruce and fir. Some deciduous trees like larch,birch and trembling aspens. Mosses and small shrubs and lichens. Very little light reaches the forest floor

A

Plant life in the boreal forest

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22
Q

These grow on bare rock. Made from a fungus and Cyanobacteria

A

Lichens

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23
Q

Moose, caribou, lynx, hares, black bears, small rodents. Migratory insect eating birds and seed eaters

A

Animal life in the boreal forest

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24
Q

What type of soil does the boreal forest contain?

Study These Flashcards
A

Acidic low in nutrient soil

25
What is its growing season
A short growing season of 50 days
26
Why do conifers have a pyramid shape
To shed heavy snow
27
Leaves waxy outer coating
Cuticle
28
Increase in the number of individuals in a population per unit time
Population growth
29
Rate at which reproduction adds new individuals to the population
Birth rate
30
Movement of organisms into a new area
Immigration
31
Rate at which individuals in a population die
Death rate
32
Movement of organisms out of an area
Emigration
33
Highest rate of reproduction possible for a population under ideal conditions
Biotic potential
34
How many are born each birth
Birth potential
35
How many offspring reach reproductive age
Survival
36
How often they reproduce
Procreation
37
How many years they can reproduce for
Reproductive life
38
What have a high biotic potential
Insects
39
What has a low biotic potential
Sperm whales
40
Accelerating population growth that produces a j shaped graph. This occurs when there is lots of food and water, wastes get removed or recycled, no disease, lots of space, few predators. Occurs under ideal conditions
Exponential population growth
41
Population growth in which limiting factors cause a population to reach a carrying capacity. The graph has a s shape. Occurs under real conditions
Logistic growth
42
Any single limiting factor in an environment which prevents a population from reaching its biotic potential. It limits population growth
Limiting factors
43
Factors that limit a population regardless of size. Usually abiotic factors such as storms fires etc
Density independent
44
Factors that affect population because of size. Usually affect populations that are getting too large or small. Usually biotic
Density dependent
45
Disease and parasites spread easily, increase comp for resources, changes in predation. All limit population
Large population
46
Trouble finding mates limits the population
Small population
47
Sum of all limiting factors in an environment that prevent a population from reaching biotic potential
Environmental resistance
48
Max number of individuals supported by a particular environment over a long period of time
Carrying capacity
49
State of balance which there is no net change over time. Population gains and loses
Equilibrium
50
Component of carbohydrates which is a source of energy, component of fats which forms cells
Carbon
51
Component of amino acids to form proteins, nutrient for growth of plants to form plant tissue, component of dna
Nitrogen
52
Burns sugar to obtain energy
Oxygen
53
Process by which plants using chlorophyll and sunlight make carbohydrates, occurs in chloroplast
Photosynthesis
54
Process of converting food energy into a form of energy usually sells. Takes place in the mitochondria
Cellular respiration
55
Small packets of useable energy
ATP
56
Nitrogen gas in the atmosphere is converted into ammonium ions by lightning or nitrogen fixing bacteria in nodules of legumes. Ammonium is sometimes released into soil or water, where it can be used by plants
Nitrogen fixation
57
Wastes and dead organisms are broken down by decomposers which convert proteins and amino acids into ammonium ions
Ammonification
58
Not all plants cause us ammonium ions directly. Nitrifying bacteria in soil converts ammonium into nitrite then into nitrate. Plants take these in to produce amino acids and proteins. Animals eat plants and each other and incorporate these into their body
Nitrification
59
Coverts nitrate in the soil back into nitrogen gas which enter the atmosphere
Denitrification

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