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Weather Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Science of weather

A

Meteorology

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2
Q

Person who studies weather

A

Meteorologist

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3
Q

The study of motion of water and air that causes weather patterns

A

Weather dynamics

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4
Q

Environmental and physical conditions that occur in a day by day basis

A

Weather

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5
Q

Environmental and physical conditions averaged over many years in a region

A

Climate

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6
Q

A set of weather conditions for a region that moves as a unit for a period of days

A

Weather systems

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7
Q

How hot or cold. Average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance

A

Temp

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8
Q

Any form of water falling from clouds

A

Precipitation

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9
Q

Force of atmosphere on the surface

A

Atmospheric pressure

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10
Q

Amount of water vapor in the air

A

Humidity

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11
Q

How fast air is moving and the direction

A

Wind speed and dorection

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12
Q

How much sky is covered by clouds

A

Sky cover

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13
Q

Energy generated by the sun in all directions

A

Solar energy

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14
Q

Transfer of energy in waves. Travel without a particle medium. Travel through a vacuum at the speed of light. Depicted in the electromagnetic spectrum. Waves that are smaller and more frequent are higher in energy. This is how energy form the sun travels to earth through emptiness of much space. It’s absorbed by the land and water is released as infrared radiation and heats the air

A

Radiation

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15
Q

Occurs mostly in solids. Transfer of energy through the direct collision of the particles that make a substance. As particles are heated they absorb energy and begin to move more rapidly. As a result they collide more frequently with more force. As they collide they transfer some of their energy to neighbouring particles. This continues like a chained reaction until the entire object is heated. This plays a minimal role in the transfer of energy as if relates to causing weather. As the land and water absorb solar radiation and heat up the vibrating molecules collide with the air close to the surface making it warmer

A

Conduction

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16
Q

Occurs mostly in fluids. Transfer of energy by the circulating motion of particles. As a material is heated the particles move faster and farther. This warm less dense air is now replaced by cold air from above it. This creates a circulating current that distributes heat energy. This is the term used when scientists talk about the vertical transfer of energy

A

Convection

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17
Q

The term used for the horizontal transfer of energy

A

Advection

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18
Q

Mixture of gases that surrounds the earth. 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 1% carbon dioxide and water.

A

Atmosphere

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19
Q

The first 12km where most of the weather takes place

A

Troposphere

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20
Q

All the land above and beneath water, the earths crust

A

Lithosphere

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21
Q

All of the earths water, both fresh and salt, liquid and ice. Makes up 70% of the earths surface

A

Hydrosphere

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22
Q

All the areas where life Is supported in each of the other spheres

A

Biosphere

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23
Q

70% thermal energy is radiated back to the

A

Atmosphere and space

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24
Q

Most of solar radiation is

A

Absorbed

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25
Amount of energy transferred because of a temp difference, heat flows from hotter to cooler objects
Heat
26
The amount of energy that gets reflected by an object. The more is reflects the higher this gets.
Albedo
27
Light shiny objects have a
High albedo
28
Dark dull objects have a
Low albedo
29
Where heat comes from.
Heat source
30
The earths main source of heat is
The sun
31
Objects that absorb energy and become warmer without changing state.
Heat sinks
32
What are the planets main heat sinks
The atmosphere and hydrosphere
33
A measure of how much heat a substance requires to raise its temp or how much heat it releases as its temp decreases.
Heat capacity
34
What has a high heat capacity that takes a long time to heat up and a long time to cool down.
Water
35
The pressure that air exerts as gravity pulls it to the earth.
Atmosphere pressure
36
What is atmospheric pressure measured in
Kilopascals
37
What is the normal air pressure at sea level
101.3 kPa
38
The change from a liquid to a gas as it absorbs energy
Evaporation
39
The change from a gas to a liquid as it releases energy.
Condensation
40
The evaporation of water from plants
Transpiration
41
Water from the land runs into bodies of water
Runoff
42
Forms when the air cools and water Vapor condenses on a cool surface near the ground
Dew
43
Temp at which air cannot hold any more water and condenses
Dew point
44
Forms when the air cools and water Vapor deposits on a very cold surface near the ground
Frost
45
Gas to soild
Deposition
46
Amount of heat energy taken in by a substance to cause state changes
Latent heat
47
Latent heat need to change a solid to a liquid, melting
Latent heat of fusion
48
Latent heat needed to change a liquid to a gas
Latent heat of vaporization
49
A large body of air in which the temp and moisture content at a specific altitude are fairly uniform. Forms when air is heated by conduction and rises, takes days or weeks
Air mass
50
Bitter cold in water and dry cold in summer
Arctic air mass
51
52
Very cold and dry in winter and cool and dry in summer
Continental polar
53
Warm and dry in winter and hot and dry in summer
Continental tropical
54
Cold and humid in winter and cool and humid in summer
Maritime polar
55
Warm and humid in winter and hot and humid in summer
Maritime tropical
56
Air cools over an ocean or cold region. Particles lose energy and become more dense and contract. Air is pulled in from upper atmosphere and sinks. Atmospheric pressure increases forcing the air to move outward. In the northern hemisphere wind travels clockwise. Brings cool dry weather
High pressure systems
57
Air heats over an ocean or warm region. Particles gain energy and come less dense and expand. Rising air cools and condenses forming clouds and brings precipitation. Atmospheric pressure decreases forcing the air to be drawn inward. In northern hemisphere wind travels counterclockwise. Brings warm wet weather
Low pressure system
58
A low pressure, swirling air mass. Winds move counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the souther hemisphere. Bad weather
Cyclone
59
A high pressure system that rotates clockwise in the northern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the souther hemisphere. Good weather
Anticyclone
60
The movement of air in the atmosphere
Wind
61
Winds that affect large areas. Caused by convection currents and by the Coriolis effect
Prevailing winds
62
The apparent change of direction of a moving object in a rotating system. In weather systems they’re caused by the earths counterclockwise rotation. In the northern hemisphere winds are deflected to the right in the southern hemisphere they are deflected to the left
Coriolis effect
63
What are two things that are distributed over the planet by winds
Heat and moisture
64
High speed winds in the upper reigion of the troposphere. Tend to move from west to east and steer most of the major weather systems. Caused by pressure differences between the warm and cold regions of the world. Travel in wavy patterns and are stronger in winter
Jet streams
65
A zone that developed when two air masses with diff conditions meet
Front
66
Advancing warm air displaces cold air along a boundary slope. Brings steady light rain of snow over a large ware followed by milder weather
Warm front
67
Advancing cold dense air displaces warm air forcing it to rise along a steep slope. Clouds called thunder beads can form as the moisture rises cools and condenses, a brief thunder may occur.
Cold front
68
Front that forms when a cold front catches up to and overtakes a warm front. The warm air is lifted above the surface of the earth and cut of off from the cooler air below. The temp drops as the warm air mass is cut off from the ground and pushed up. Can bring strong winds and heavy precipitation
Occluded front
69
An unmoving front between and warm air mass and a cold air mass. Usually clear or cloudy weather. With enough moisture fog,rain or snow may occur for several days
Stationary front
70
What are the two ocean currents of newfoundlands weather
Labrador current and Gulf Stream
71
Fast slow current
Lab current
72
Slow warm current
Gulf Stream

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