ecology pt2

Question 1

Photosynthesis (including details) -

Answer 1

The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, carbon dioxide + water -> glucose and oxygen, converts carbon dioxide into sugars, which move through the food chain

Question 2

Respiration

Answer 2

where organisms respire (breathe) and release carbon dioxide, oxygen+glucose -> carbon dioxide+water.

Question 3

Fossil fuel burning = combustion

Answer 3

the process of burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) to release energy, emission of carbon dioxide

Question 4

Fossil Fuel Formation

Answer 4

creation of fossil fuels, fossilization of organisms deep beneath the surface, so they don’t decompose, therefore can be burned and used for combustion

Question 5

Organism decay

Answer 5

breaking down dead organic matter and releasing carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere

Question 6

carbon sink + examples

Answer 6

Carbon sink is where carbon is stored, ex- forests, ocean, soil

Question 7

carbon source

Answer 7

carbon source is where carbon is produced, ex- animal respiration, decomposition, forest fires, burning fossil fuels, deforestation

Question 8

How is the carbon cycle related to air quality?

Answer 8

The more carbon in the atmosphere, the worst air quality

Question 9

Greenhouse Effect

Answer 9

greenhouse gases (methane, CO2, water vapor) absorb the reflected infrared light

Question 10

importance of greenhouse effect

Answer 10

Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, keeping the planet warm enough to support life. If there were no greenhouse gases, the planet would be too cold.

Question 11

What is Climate

Answer 11

Long term average weather of a specific region

Question 12

What is Weather

Answer 12

The state of the atmosphere in terms of heat, short-term in a specific location

Question 13

How are weather and climate different?

Answer 13

Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific place, climate refers to long-term atmospheric conditions in a region

Question 14

describe the greenhouse effect:

Answer 14

the sun’s energy is first reflected off of Earth’s surface as infrared energy, where greenhouses gases in the atmosphere absorb the energy, then the greenhouse gases release the energy as heat back into the atmosphere warming the Earth, excess energy just gets reflected off of the surface as infrared energy

Question 15

What type of Feedback Loop is Global warming?

Answer 15

Positive feedback loop- Global warming causes ice and snow to melt, when melted they absorb more sunlight, increased absorption warms the warm more, additional warming leads to more ice melting- continuous cycle

Question 16

positive feedback loop

Answer 16

more leads to more, where the output strnegthens the original effect, leading to an increase in initial change.

Question 17

negative feedback loop

Answer 17

a process where the output of a system reduces the initial change that caused it, the system responding to the change and pushing the system back towards its original state

Question 18

What are some common Impacts of global warming?

Answer 18

Extreme weather events, melting of ice caps, sea levels rising

Question 19

How does the water cycle influence global warming?

Answer 19

The water cycle can release excess water vapor which is a greenhouse gas, and excess greenhouse gas warms the atmosphere, the ocean is a carbon sink so increased temperatures can cause more water to be evaporated from the ocean, polar ice caps can melt due to increased temperatures which releases more excess carbon into the atmosphere

Question 20

What Evidence is there for global warming?

Answer 20

Polar ice caps melting, extreme weather events occurrences increasing, sea levels risings, increased hurricanes

Question 21

difference between a predator and a parasite

Answer 21

A predator kills and consumes another organism (the prey). In contrast, a parasite lives on or within another organism (the host) and benefits by deriving nutrients from it, often without immediately killing the host.

Question 22

patterns of predator prey graph

Answer 22

when predator population increases, prey population decreases and vice versa

Question 23

What kind of limiting factor does predator-prey relationship represent?

Answer 23

Density dependent

Question 24

mutualism

Answer 24

both species involved in the relationship experience a positive outcome, ex: clownfish and sea anenome- clownfish clean sea anemone while sea anemone provides habitat

Question 25

commensalism

Answer 25

One species benefits from the relationship, while the other is neither harmed nor helped.

Question 26

which symbiosis- ex: clownfish and sea anenome- clownfish clean sea anemone while sea anemone provides habitat

Answer 26

mutualism

Question 27

which symbiosis- example is barnacles living on whales. The barnacles get a free ride and access to food, while the whale experiences no negative impact.

Answer 27

commensalism

Question 28

parasitism

Answer 28

One species, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other species, the host, which is harmed.

Question 29

which symbiosis- a tick on a dog benefits by feeding on the dog's blood, while the dog is harmed by the blood loss and potential disease transmission.

Answer 29

parasitism

Question 30

describe the effect from the scenario of all processes: deforestation

Answer 30

Photosynthesis- Decreased- less trees to perform photosynthesis. Respiration- Stays the same- isn’t affected. Combustion- Stays the same Fossilization- Depends on the situation, probably stays the same. Stored carbon in atmosphere- Increased, less trees to perform photosynthesis, so less removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere Stored carbon in fossil fuels- Stay the same because nothing is being stored as fossil fuel

Question 31

describe the effect from the scenario of all processes: Increase in amount of cars operating in an area

Answer 31

Photosynthesis- Decreased- increased pollution blocks sunlight, resulting in less vegetation so less photosynthesis. Respiration- Stays the same Combustion- Increases significantly from the increased burning of fuel. Fossilization- Stays the same Stored carbon in atmosphere- Increases due to increased emitted carbon emissions from cars. Stored carbon in fossil fuels- Decreases as more fuel is used by cars. Carbon stored in ocean- Increases as the CO2 levels increases, so more carbon is absorbed from atmosphere

Question 32

describe the effect from the scenario of all processes: increased industries (factories that burn fossil fuels)

Answer 32

increase in combustion- This increases the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere because combustion releases CO2 out of fossils into the air and more combustion is occurring.

Question 33

describe the effect from the scenario of all processes: increased wild fires

Answer 33

increase in combustion and decrease of photosynthesis- increases the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere because combustion releases CO2 into the air from the spread of burning vegetation. The combustion of vegetation releases water vapor as a byproduct, leading to an increase of water vapor. With less vegetation, less plants are able to remove CO2 from the atmosphere and convert it to oxygen.

Question 34

describe the effect from the scenario of all processes: overpopulation

Answer 34

increase in cellular respiration- This increases the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere, because more people would then be undergoing the process of cellular respiration and this means that more people are removing oxygen from the atmosphere and producing CO2 .

Question 35

describe the effect from the scenario of all processes: increased farming

Answer 35

Increase in photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and decomposition- This can increase levels of CO2 because even though plants take in CO2, the agrictultural activities like fertilizer use, and livestoc’s cellular respiration as well as their body’s decomposition releases CO2 into the atmosphere.

Question 36

what do rising global temperatures lead to

Answer 36

rising global temperatures lead to more extreme heat, intense precipitation, and longer droughts