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Honors Biology 1 + 2 > Ecology Test > Flashcards

Ecology Test Flashcards

1
Q

The scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environments.

A

Ecology

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2
Q

The portion of Earth that supports life. From the atmosphere through the oceans.

A

Biosphere

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3
Q

The nonliving parts of an organism’s environment.

A

Abiotic factors

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4
Q

All the living organisms that inhabit an environment.

A

Biotic factors

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5
Q

A group of organisms that are able to produce fertile offspring and that share common genes and therefore resemble each other in appearance.

A

Species

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6
Q

A group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time.

A

Population

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7
Q

A collection of several (or all of the) interacting populations that inhabit a common environment.

A

Community

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8
Q

The interactions among populations in a community. Includes all of the biotic factors as well as the community’s physical surroundings, or abiotic factors.

A

Ecosystem

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9
Q

A group of ecosystems with the same climax communities (&/or climates).

A

Biome

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10
Q

Put in order: Organism, Biosphere, population, ecosystem, species, biome, community

A

Organism, species, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere.

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11
Q

The place where an organism lives out its life.

A

Habitat

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12
Q

The role and position a species has in its environment. It includes all biotic and abiotic interactions as an animal meets its needs for survival and reproduction.

A

Niche - an organism’s way of life.

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13
Q

The act of killing and eating another organism.

A

Predation

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14
Q

An organism that kills and eats another organism

A

Predator

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15
Q

An organism that is killed and eaten by a predator

A

Prey

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16
Q

The relationship between species that attempt to use the same limited resource (a dog and cat fighting for the last piece of meat)

A

Competition

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17
Q

A close association between two or more organisms of different species.

A

Symbiosis

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18
Q

A type of symbiotic relationship in which one species (the symbiont) benefits and the other species (the host) is neither harmed nor benefitted.

A

Commensalism

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19
Q

A type of symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits (the parasite) at the expense of the other species (the host).

A

Parasitism

20
Q

A type of symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship.

A

Mutualism

21
Q

Generally, the larger of the two species in a symbiotic relationship.

A

Host

22
Q

Generally, the smaller of the two species in a symbiotic relationship.

A

Symbiont

23
Q

Is an autotroph a producer or a consumer?

A

Producer

24
Q

Organisms that use energy from the sun or energy stored in chemical compounds to manufacture their own nutrients.

A

Autotroph

25
Q

Are heterotrophs producers or consumers?

A

Consumers

26
Q

An organism that cannot make its own food and must feed on other organisms for energy and nutrients.

A

Heterotroph

27
Q

Organisms that break down and absorb nutrients from dead organisms.

A

Decomposer

28
Q

The total weight of living matter at each tropic level.

A

Biomass

29
Q

A sequence in which energy is transferred from one organism to the next as each organism eats another.

A

Food chain

30
Q

A model that expresses all the possible feeding relationships at each tropic level in a community

A

Food web

31
Q

Feeding step in the passage of energy and materials through an ecosystem.

A

Trophic level

32
Q

What percent of energy from one trophic level is transferred to the next?

A

10%

33
Q

An increase in the size of a population over time.

A

Population growth

34
Q

As a population gets larger, it grows at a faster rate.

A

Exponential population growth

35
Q

The number of organisms of one species that an environment can support.

A

Carrying capacity

36
Q

Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction of organisms

A

Limiting factor

37
Q

birth rate - death rate =

A

Population Growth Rate (PGR)

38
Q

The variety of life in an area; usually measured as the number of species that live there.

A

Biodiversity

39
Q

The disappearance of a species when the last of its members dies.

A

Extinction

40
Q

A species’ numbers become so low that extinction is possible.

A

Endangered species

41
Q

When the population of a species is likely to become endangered.

A

Threatened species

42
Q

The study and implementation of methods to protect biodiversity.

A

Conservation biology

43
Q

Those parts of the environment that are useful or necessary for living organisms

A

Natural resources

44
Q

When is an ecosystem in balance?

A

When no animal is over the carrying capacity

45
Q

This species is very important; their removal can collapse the entire system.

A

Keystone species

Honors Biology 1 + 2 (7 decks)

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