Economic Geo

Question 1

secondary sector

Answer 1

producing or manufacturing goods

Question 2

tertiary sector

Answer 2

providing services

Question 3

quaternary sector

Answer 3

research and activities which use high levels of technology

Question 4

gross domestic product (GDP)

Answer 4

the total income generated by all the economic activities of a country

Question 5

small-scale farming

Answer 5

farming a small piece of land for susbsistence purposes and to contribute to food security

Question 6

food security

Answer 6

the availability of sufficient food as well as access to it

Question 7

large-scale farming

Answer 7

farming on a commercial level using technology in order to make a profit

Question 8

monoculture

Answer 8

growing just one crop to increase efficiency and output

Question 9

home market

Answer 9

demand for products within a country, for local consumption and not for export

Question 10

export market

Answer 10

products that are grown for consumption in other countries

Question 11

land restitution

Answer 11

restore land or pay back people who were forced off their land during apartheid or colonial periods

Question 12

tenure reform

Answer 12

to secure rights of people living in insecure conditions on land owned by others

Question 13

redistribution programmes

Answer 13

to redistribute land to people who are landless and cannot claim land

Question 14

trade tariffs

Answer 14

taxes placed on products when they are imported by the importing

Question 15

beneficiation

Answer 15

adding value to a raw material (mainly minerals) by processing them eg cutting and polishing diamonds

Question 16

BBBEE

Answer 16

broad-based black economic empowerment

Question 17

downstream industries

Answer 17

industies which use products that have already been partly processed

Question 18

nationalisation

Answer 18

when the government takes over control of resources or industries

Question 19

collective bargaining

Answer 19

when a small group of elected workers represent all the workers in an industry and bargain with employers on the workers’ beha

Question 20

heavy industries

Answer 20

produce large, heavy products using large machines and a large number of semi-skilled workers

Question 21

capital intensive

Answer 21

industries which require a large amount of capital to start up and run

Question 22

light industries

Answer 22

manufacture of relatively small articles using small amounts of raw materials

Question 23

market-orientated industries

Answer 23

factories that are located close to their customers

Question 24

footloose industries

Answer 24

industries that do not need to be located near to raw materials or their markets

Question 25

ubiquitous industries

Answer 25

industries that are common and produce basic consumer goods eg a bakery

Question 26

break-of-bulk point industries

Answer 26

places and industries that develop where one form of transport changes into another eg sea to rail transport

Question 27

incentives

Answer 27

a loan or tax incentive aimed at encouraging business to initiatives

Question 28

growth points

Answer 28

growth points places near to the old homelands that were identified for industrial growth by the apartheid government in order to create jobs

Question 29

primary sector

Answer 29

extracting raw materials from the natural environment

Question 30

deconcentration points

Answer 30

industrial development sites created just outside of core areas in order to prevent crowding in the core / linked to SDI and IDZ

Question 31

spatial development initiatives (SDIs)

Answer 31

iniatives aimed at attracting private sector investment in underdeveloped areas with growth potential Main difference is linking core area with transportation (idZ

Question 32

industrial development zone (IDZ)

Answer 32

a zone where new investment in industrial activities is planned

Question 33

industrial centralisation

Answer 33

clustering of industries around large industrial areas

Question 34

industrial decentralisation

Answer 34

developing industries in outlying areas to prevent overcrowding in developed areas and create job opportunities outside of these areas

Question 35

SEZ

Answer 35

special economic zones - a new name for what were previously industrial development zones

Question 36

informal sector

Answer 36

part of the economy not regulated by the government, not paying taxes and not included

Question 37

social grant

Answer 37

welfare payment made by the government to the elderly, diabled

Question 38

SETA

Answer 38

sector education and training authority - set standards for education and training in certain sectors

Question 39

Link industry

Answer 39

Industry which attracts similar industries. Multiplier effect. Agglomeration (coming together)