Ecosystem processes

Question 1

producer

Answer 1

organisms that make their own food

Question 2

consumer

Answer 2

organisms that get energy from eating other organisms.

Question 3

word equation for photosynthesis

Answer 3

carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen

Question 4

word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 4

oxygen + glucose = water + Carbondioxide

Question 5

the stuff that makes leaves green

Answer 5

chlorophyll

Question 6

the source of energy for plants

Answer 6

the sun

Question 7

the reason why leaves have such large surface area is…

Answer 7

to absorb as much light as possible

Question 8

cuticle

Answer 8

protects plants against drought, extreme temperatures, UV radiation, chemical attack and more

Question 9

upper epidermis

Answer 9

mainly involved in water conservation by eliminating excess sunlight.

Question 10

lower epidermis

Answer 10

mainly involved in gas exchange

Question 11

palisade mesophyll

Answer 11

where most of the photosynthesis occurs in the leaf.

Question 12

spongy mesophyll

Answer 12

facilitate the exchange of gases essential to the process of photosynthesis

Question 13

guard cells

Answer 13

regulate CO2 influx from the atmosphere into the leaves for photosynthic fixation

Question 14

Stoma(ta)

Answer 14

the hole on the bottom of the leaf for carbon dioxide to diffuse in and oxygen to diffuse out.

Question 15

the place that plants store their excess glucose

Answer 15

starch

Question 16

the place that humans store their excess glucose

Answer 16

fat, glucogen

Question 17

Phosphates

Answer 17

contains phosphorus, and is important for healthy roots

Question 18

Nitrates

Answer 18

contains nitrogen, and is important for the healthy growth of a plant

Question 19

potassium

Answer 19

contains potassium, and is important for healthy leaves and flowers

Question 20

magnesium

Answer 20

contains magnesium, and is important for making chlorophyll

Question 21

some examples of natural fertiliser

Answer 21

banana peels, dung, compost

Question 22

some examples of artificial fertiliser

Answer 22

wood ash, bone meal

Question 23

what does NPK stand for

Answer 23

nitrogen phosphorus potassium

Question 24

chemosynthesis

Answer 24

1. uses chemicals as their source of energy
2. often uses carbon dioxide as a reactant
3. has glucose as a product

Question 25

where do chemosynthetic bacteria (like sulfur bacteria) live?

Answer 25

at the bottom of the sea near volcanic vents.

Question 26

mutualistic relationship

Answer 26

the biological relationship between organisms, where both organisms benefit eachother

Question 27

The chemical reaction that transfers energy from glucose in humans

Answer 27

aerobic respiration

Question 28

The place where cellular respiration occurs

Answer 28

mitochondria

Question 29

The type of reaction that aerobic respiration is

Answer 29

exothermic (gives out heat to the surroudings)

Question 30

True or false: respiration = breathing

Answer 30

False

Question 31

name both reactions for anaerobic respiration

Answer 31

[for yeast]: glucose -> ethanol + CO2 [for animals]: glucose -> lactic acid

Question 32

describe the relationship between the concentration of glucose and the rate of fermentation

Answer 32

higher concentration of glucose = higher rate of fermentation

Question 33

Fermentation gives out CO2. describe how this is useful in daily life.

Answer 33

It helps the dough in pizza rise

Question 34

what is a food chain

Answer 34

a diagram that shows what an organism eats. It shows the transfer of energy between organisms.

Question 35

the amount of energy transferred when an organism eats another one:

Answer 35

10%

Question 36

who is the producer in a food chain?

Answer 36

the plant that supplies organisms with food

Question 37

who is the primary consumer in a food chain?

Answer 37

the 2nd one in the chain. This one is a herbivore.

Question 38

who is the secondary consumer in a food chain?

Answer 38

3rd one in a chain. This one is a carnivore / omnivore

Question 39

apex predator

Answer 39

the final boss of the food chain.

Question 40

food web

Answer 40

a set of linked food chains

Question 41

what would happen to a food chain when the producer vanished?

Answer 41

there will be a domino effect and the rest of the food chain will die.

Question 42

bioaccumulation

Answer 42

some insecticides are washed into rivers and end up in the sea. fish absorb them. Because seals eat a lot of fish, the levels of the chemicals builds up. this is called bioaccumulation