Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ECR 2012 > ECR 11.12.12 Neurological Exam > Flashcards

ECR 11.12.12 Neurological Exam Flashcards

(68 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Guiding principle for Neuro Exam (3)

A
  1. IS mental status intact (able to answer questions)
  2. IS my patient able to partner with me to complete an accurate and reliable exam?
  3. Deficients may be transient/fluctuating (frustrating b/c answers may be different later in time)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Framework

A

Are findings symmetric

Is process generalized or focal (localized)

Is lesion in PNS or CNS (where are the lesion? what are the lesions?)

What is the nature of the lesion/process (infectious? sudden?)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Common presentations for neuro

A

Headach
Dizziness, vertigo, imbalance, clumsiness
Weakness
Sensory complaints
Loss of consciousness, syncope, near-syncope
Seizures
Tremors, involuntary movements, gait distrubance
Memory Changes, confusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are common neurological illnesses?

A 
Strokes
Seizures
Headaches
eoplams
Neuromuscular disorders
Nerve disorders
Movement disorders
Neurodegenerative disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What else could cuase headache

A

hypetension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dizziness

A

inner ear infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

confusion-

A

dementia, por oxygenation, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

loss of consciousness

A

hypokalemia

arrhthymia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the components of a the Neuro Exam (7)

A 
Mental Status
Cranial Nerves
Motor Exam
Sensory Exam
Reflexes
Coordination
Gait and Stance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do you look for doring Motor Exam (4)

A

Involuntary movements
Bulk
Tone
Power/Strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of involuntary movements are you looking for

A 
Tremor
Tics
Dystonia
Athetosis
Chorea

note location, quality, rate, rhythm, amplitude, relation to posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tremor

A

can happen at rest (Parkinsons)

when trying to grab soething you might be able to see it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dystonia

A

twisted posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Athetosis

A

writhing movements;greater amplitude with movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chorea

A

quick movement; often not purposeful but
may try to cover it up with a seemignly purposeful gesture

Chorea happens then pat pretnes like tried to make hand out gout like that

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bulk

A

mass of bulk- is it waht you expect

INspect and palpate

  • shape/size/mass
  • symmetry
  • hypertrophy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pseudohypertropphy

A

muscle tissue is degenerating
show false enalrgement

Muscle dystrophy (boy on swing with hugeeee calves b/c muscle infiltrated with iprprer tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Atrophy

A

lower motor neuron- wasting disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tone

A

tension detected in muslce

normally slight residual maintained even at rest

palpate resitsnce ith movmeent through ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are different tone

A

normal
hypertonic- inc tone
hypotonic- dec dtone
flaccid- complete absence of toen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Spasticity vs rigidity

A

Spastic- resistance at extremems/end of motion

Rigidity- same resistance ENTIRE motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is grading scale for Strength?

A

0-5

0- no muscle contrction
1- barely detectable flicker/trace of contraction
2- movement with gravity eliminated
3. movement with gravity, no resisitance
4. movement with gravity, with resistance
5. Normal muscle strenght** active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the grade for NORMAL Strength

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is paresis

A

IMPAIRED strength/weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is plegia
ABSENCE of strength/paralysis
26
what are the different types of plegias?
hemiparesis hemiplegia paraplegia quadriplegia
27
what is a parapleegia? Quadirplegia?
paraplegia- both legs paralyzed Quadriplegia- all four limbs paralyzed (often spinal cord injury)
28
What are the primary modalities that you check for sensory exam?
``` pain (spinal) Temp (spinal) Proprioception (position) (Dorsal) vibration (Dorsal) light touch *Distcriminateive sensation ```
29
How do you assess pain
sharp object
30
how do you assess temp
cool side of tunign fork
31
Howdo ou assess postion/proprioception
moving digit
32
How d oyu assess vibration
128 Hz tunign fork
33
How do you assess light touch
cotton swab or fingers
34
What dermatone is T10
umbilicas
35
dermatome for T4
Nipple
36
Dermatome for C7
middle finger
37
Dermatome for L5
big toe
38
what is a dermatome
band of skin innervated by sensory root of a single spinal nerve
39
What is a reflex?
involuntary stereoteypical repsonse Predictable reaction to standardized stimulus
40
What are the three types of reflexes
DTR- deep tendon reflex Cutaneious stimulous reflexes Primitive reflexes (beydong tis class)
41
Describe DTR
Deep Tendon Reflex simplest of relfexes- monosynaptic, strike tendon with reflex hammer Strike tendo
42
What are the DTR (5)
``` S1- Achilles L 2,3,4- Patellar C5,6- Brachioradialis C5,6- Biceps C7- Triceps ```
43
What is the grading for DTR
0-4+ ``` 0 = no response 1+ somewhat diminished, low normal 2+ average; noraml 3+ Brisker than avg (possibly, but not necessarily indicative of disease) 4+ Very brisk, hyperactive with Clonus ```
44
What is normal grading for DTR
2+
45
What is clonus
sustained rhythmic beating between flexion and extension
46
What are the superficial Cutaneous reflexes (4)
``` Abdominal Reflexes (T8-T12) Cremasteric Reflex (L1-L2) Babinski Reflex/ extensor plantar response (L5, S1) Anal REflex (S2-S4) ```
47
Abdominal Reflex
T8-T12 polysynaptic, more complicated Strok outer quadrant, umbilicus mucles pulltoward stimulated area May not respond (pregnant, surgery),
48
Cremasteric Reflex
L1-L2 stroke inner thigh and testes raises
49
Babsinki Response
L5,S1 Extensor platnar reposne Normal: great toe plantarflex Abnormal" Great toe dorsiflex, toes fan Upper motor neuron defet! Stroke lateral aspect of foot; then cross- babies hav+ Babinski till 6 months
50
Superficial Cutaneous Grading
Not graded! Either present or absent! Asymmetry is important to note UMN or LMN lesion
51
What does Coordination require integration of fucntion of
1. Cerebellarsystem (rhythmic, smooth, sequential movment) 2. Motor System 3 Vestibular System: balance and coordinating eye 4. Sensory system : position sense
52
How do you test Coordination
1 Rapid Alternating Movements (RAM) 2. Point to point movements 3. Gait 4. Stance
53
Cerebellar system
rhtymic, smooth, sequential movment and steady psoture
54
Motor system
strength
55
Vestibular system
balance and coordinating eye, head, body movements
56
sensory system
position sense
57
How do you test RAM coordination
Rapid Alternating Motion Upper Extremity- Hands alternate palm and dorsum of hand on the thigh rapidly Lower extremity- Tap foot against examiners hand Dysdidiadochokinesis
58
What is Dysdiadochokinesis
slow, irregular, slumspy movements in response to attempt to alternately contract and relax agonist and antagonist muscles or muscle groups Slow, irregular; lack of coordination Can't do RAM
59
Coordination : Point to Point
Finger-to-nose (F--> N) Heel to shin (H-->S) Dymetria
60
What is Dysmetria
difficulty with F-->N and H-->S (Point to Point) inability to control muscle action required to move a body part smothly in a specific direaction or along aaprticular course
61
What is ataxia
lack of muscle coordinatino during voluntary movement usually gait; but any voluntary movmvent
62
What is gait
process of recruiting and coordinating activity of various mucle groups of LE, UE, andn trunk to rpoduce at of walking
63
How do you test gait?
Normal gait across room Tandem gait (drunk test) Walk on toes; walk on heels
64
How do you test stance/station
measure of postural control observe patietn standing Romberg tst Pronatory drift
65
What is romberg test
tests mainly for posiition sese take aw ay vision, stay in one place with eyes closed
66
Pronator drift
detects subtle weakness (cerebellar disease) arms out with eyes closed if weakness in one arm, might drop/ pronate
67
What is the neurologic ROS
chagnes in mood, attention, or speech; changes in orientation, memory, insight, or judgemnt; headache, dizziness, vergito; fainting, balckouts, seizures, weakness, paralysis, numbess of loss of snestiano, tingling or pins and needles' termors or othe ronvlntary movments seizsures
68
What is the neurologic ROS
chagnes in mood, attention, or speech; changes in orientation, memory, insight, or judgemnt; headache, dizziness, vergito; fainting, balckouts, seizures, weakness, paralysis, numbess of loss of snestiano, tingling or pins and needles' termors or othe ronvlntary movments seizsures

ECR 2012 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions