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Ectoparasite Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

What species do fleas affect

A

Many species
Dog/cat/human/rabbit
Specific species can affect all other species

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2
Q

How long is the flea cycle and what different stages

A 
Eggs 
Larva 
Pups 
Adult 
2 weeks
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3
Q

What are flea living conditions

A

75-80F

70% humidity

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4
Q

How do females lay eggs?

A

Need blood meal to reproduce

20 eggs at a time up to 40 on pet fur

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5
Q

How do eggs contaminate the environment

A

Falls off fur as pet moves

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6
Q

What % of flea population is eggs

A

50%

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7
Q

When do flea eggs hatch

A

2 days to 2 weeks

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8
Q

Describe flea larvae

A

When larvae emerge, they survive off flea dirt

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9
Q

What is flea dirt

A

Pre digested blood

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10
Q

What do larvae turn into and how long does it take

A

Caccoons

5 days to several weeks

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11
Q

What % of flea population is the larvae

A

35%

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12
Q

What does the cocoon do

A

Protects pupae until environmental conditions are right for adult
Can take days to months

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13
Q

What % of flea population do cocoons make up

A

10% of flea population

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14
Q

Why is it hard to vacuum cocoons

A

Sticky coating

Resistant to disinfectant

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15
Q

How does adult flea emerge

A

When potential host sensed (body heat, vibrations)

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16
Q

When do adult fleas need to eat after being in a caccoon

A

After a few hours

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17
Q

Percentage of flea pop that adults make

A

5%

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18
Q

How long do adult fleas live

A

Weeks to months

All other stages are in the environment

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19
Q

Flea diagnoses

A

May see fleas themselves
Flea comb
Wipe with white towel for flea dirt (digested blood)

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20
Q

Why can fleas cause anemia

A

Need to ingest 15x body weight daily

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21
Q

How fast can a dog have a reaction to fleas

A

After one bite for an allergic dog p

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22
Q

Treatment for fleas

A 
Flea collars (careful with doses)
Kill adults: advantage multi (imidacloprid /moxidentin) dogs/cats 
Revolution (dogs/cats) selamectin :kills adults/inhibits eggs 
Advantix : imidacloprid /permethrin: dogs only
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23
Q

Who do you treat if your dogs all have fleas

A

All in contact animals

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24
Q

How long do you keep pets on drugs?

A

May need to keep on for several months

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25
Fleas and environment
Disinfect environment to prevent reinfection
26
How do you disinfect flea environment
Vacuum, steam Clean/wash bedding Disinfect bowls Put flea collar in vacuum , remove /replace bag often Wash all bedding, clothes , covers weekly Apply insecticide to home (products you buy or exterminator)
27
What kind of arthropod ate lice
6 legged | Insects
28
Sucking lice
Most common Linognathus setosus Dogs, suck blood Cause more irritation to skin than chewing
29
Chewing lice
Trichodectes canis | Chew skin
30
Single and pleural lice
Single - louse | Pleural - lice
31
Are lice species specific
Other species can only have for short period | Accidental host
32
How long is the cycle of lice
21 day cycle entirely on pet
33
Where do adult lice lay eggs
Adults lay eggs attached to hair
34
What do lice eggs hatch into
Eggs hatch into nymphs (smaller than adults, look similar)
35
What do lice nymph turn into
Nymph molt and become adults
36
How are lice transferred
Transferred by direct contact
37
Lice diagnoses
Can see adult lice with naked eye Can look under microscope to identify Can see nits (eggs) stuck to hair Pet usually itchy
38
Lice prevention
Revolution/advantage multi if going other places with dogs Maintain good hygiene , check pets regularity Every two weeks x 3
39
Treatment of lice
Can wash bedding / clean combs Won't last in environment Treat tapeworms if needed Treat all in contact species (others are fine)
40
What diseases do fleas carry
Tapeworms Catch scratch fever -flea dirt gets on cat nails-can infect humans if scratched - flu like symptoms , Tularemia - rabbit fever , Feed on infected animal and pass to other animals Humans get from eating uncooked meet
41
What does mange mean
Used to describe animals with mite infestations
42
General signs of mange mites
Shabby hair coat, patchy/rough/poor condition
43
What are mites
Arachnids 8 legs Typically just live on host (don't survive well in environment)
44
Demodex mites | What do they infect
Hair follicles/sebaceous glands (deeper in skin)
45
What areas of animals do mites infect
Hair, limbs, may be on neck (localized) | All over body (generalized)
46
Signs of demodex
Generalized - Usually not itchy | Localized- mild, not itchy alopecia on small area of body
47
When is demodex common
Usually in puppies under a year
48
Generalized demodex
Moderate to severe all over body | Alopecia , redness, usually secondary pyoderma/itchy
49
Is demodex host specific
Yes | Usually transferred from mom to baby
50
What to do if you see alopecia
Deep skin scraping (to reach into hair follicles) , hair plucking
51
Why do you do a skin scraping with demodex
To see mites under a microscope
52
What happens if skin scraping positive
Positive confirms diagnoses | But if negative it doesn't rule out demodex
53
When to use skin scraping
Not needed if localized, only generalized
54
Treatment of demodex
None of local
55
Generalized demodex treatment
Ivermectin (oral/injectible) Daily, every few days Advantage multi (moxidentin) topically every 1-2 weeks All need to be given long term
56
Sarcopties (scabies) location
Mites tunnel through epidermis
57
Signs of sarcopties (scabies)
Very itchy Alopecia Thickening skin
58
Where is sarcopties most common in
Dogs | Rare in cats
59
How does sarcopties transfer
Direct contact, Recent fomite Can transfer to other hosts , but short lived infection
60
What other species can get sarcopties
Foxes | Coyotes
61
Diagnoses of sarcopties
Superficial skin scrapings ; harder to find than demodex (less mites involved) Still need to reach all of epidermis (best to see blood)
62
Treatment of sarcopties
Revolution/selamectin (topical) Advantage multi /moxidentin topical Ivermectin Use 1-2 months after signs resolve
63
Is sarcopties zoonotic
People can get short lasting infection (no treatment needed, very itchy)
64
Otodectes (ear mites) diagnoses
Can see on otoscope exam
65
Signs of otodectes (ear mites)
Usually itchy but not always Dark debris like coffee grounds Ear inflammation
66
Otodectes species
Most common in cats
67
Life cycle of otodectes
18-28 days
68
Transferring of otodectes (ear mites)
Direct contact
69
Diagnoses of otodectes (ear mites)
Ear swabs, see mites under microscope
70
Treatment of otodectes
Treat all in contact pets If limited contact (dogs/cats) may not need to treat dog Revolution/selamectin Advantage multi/moxidentin
71
Cheyletiella (walking dandruff) location
Non burrowing, live on skin | Tail, rump, head (can be all over body)
72
Cheyletiella (walking dandruff) signs
Look like moving dandruff | May have redness, crusts, dull coat with "flakes"
73
Cheyletiella transfer
Canine/feline species, can see in rabbits May transfer with transport hosts ( fleas, lice, ect) Can see with naked eye
74
Is cheyletiella (walking dandruff) species specific
Yes, contagious
75
Cheyletiella diagnoses
See on PE , may see in feces | Samples if unsure (microscope)
76
Treatment of cheyletiella
Revolution/selamectin Advantage multi/moxidentin 2 treatments two weeks apart
77
Is cheytiella zoonotic
Can be passed but cant complete life cycle
78
Nasal mites
``` Uncommon in cats When cheyletiella gets into nose Nasal passage/nasal sinuses Violent sneezing, nose bleeds Reverse sneezing Very contagious See on rhino scope exam or cytology of nasal secretions (tricky to find) Selamectin (revolution) or ivermectin Not zoonotic ```

Parasites (13 decks)

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