Parasites Introduction

Question 1

What are parasites?

Answer 1

Use hosts nutrients to survive and complete life cycle

Usually no benefit to host

Question 2

Why should you clasify parasites in closely related groups?

Answer 2

1) similar life cycles and transmission

2) similar prevention and treatment

Question 3

What are the three main groups of parasites?

Answer 3

1) protozoa
2) Helminths
3) Arthropods

Question 4

How many cells are in protozoa

Answer 4

Single celled microscopic organisms

Question 5

What are 2 main examples of protozoa

Answer 5

Giardia

Coccidia

Question 6

What are the four types of protozoa

Answer 6

Flagellates
Ciliates
Amoeba
Sporozoan

Question 7

How do protozoa move

Answer 7

Independently

Question 8

How do protozoa thrive

Answer 8

Free living or parasitic

Question 9

How do protozoa reproduce

Answer 9

Sexually and asexually

Question 10

Are protozoa an endoparasite or ectoparasite

Answer 10

Endoparasite

Question 11

What is an endoparasite

Answer 11

Parasite that lives inside its host

Question 12

What is an ectoparasite

Answer 12

Lives on the outside of its host

Question 13

What are Helminths?

Answer 13

Worms such as roundworms and tapeworms

Question 14

How many cells in helminths

Answer 14

They are multi cellular

Question 15

Is a helminth an endoparasite or an ectoparasite

Answer 15

Endoparasite - live inside body

Question 16

What are the three main types of helminths

Answer 16

Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes

Question 17

Can you see helminths?

Answer 17

You can see adults with naked eye

Question 18

How do helminths thrive?

Answer 18

Free living or parasitic

Question 19

What are arthropods

Answer 19

Bugs

Jointed legs

Question 20

Are arthropods an ectoparasite or an endoparasite

Answer 20

Ectoparasite

Question 21

Why are arthropods an ectoparasite

Answer 21

Thrive off skin and hair follicles

Question 22

Examples of arthropods

Answer 22

Mites
Fleas
Lice
Ticks

Question 23

How many arthropods are there

Answer 23

3/4 of all living organisms

Question 24

How do arthropods thrive

Answer 24

Free living and parasitic

Question 25

How do arthropods move

Answer 25

Jointed legs for movement

Question 26

Size of arthropods

Answer 26

Microscopic (mites) | Macroscopic

Question 27

Do worms rapidly grow and live in host

Answer 27

Do not grow rapidly in hosts | Females lay eggs which move onto other hosts

Question 28

How is the amount helminth infection determined? When is it bad?

Answer 28

Initial intake of parasite - how much/little | Bad when there is a lot of parasites

Question 29

When do helminth parasites become a problem?

Answer 29

Large numbers Immunosuppressive Puppies and kittens

Question 30

Two main groups of ectoparasites

Answer 30

Insects | Arachnids

Question 31

Describe insects

Answer 31

3 body parts (head/thorax/abdomen) Wings and antennae Fleas, flies, lice

Question 32

Describe arachnids

Answer 32

2 body parts(cephalothorax/abdomen) No wings or antennae Ticks and mites

Question 33

What are the five species of protozoa parasitic to dogs and cats

Answer 33

1) Giardia 2) Toxoplasma 3) cryptosporidium 4) coccidia 5) trichomonas

Question 34

Who does giardia affect

Answer 34

Dogs Cats People

Question 35

Who does toxoplasma affect

Answer 35

Most warm blooded animals

Question 36

Who does cryptosporidium affect

Answer 36

Many mammals | Zoonotic if people are immunosuppressed

Question 37

What is coccidia

Answer 37

Subclass of intracellular , spor forming , microscopic parasites

Question 38

How does coccidia survive

Answer 38

Need to live inside animal cell to survive and reproduce Affects many animals including dogs and cats Example: isospora

Question 39

Who does trichomonas affect

Answer 39

Dogs Cats Cattle Not zoonotic

Question 40

What are the 5 classes of vertebrates?

Answer 40

``` Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals ```

Question 41

Describe the vertebrate fish

Answer 41

Ectothermic, aquatic Scales/fins/lay eggs in water Salmon, tuna

Question 42

Describe the vertebrate amphibians

Answer 42

Ectothermic No scales, fins, feathers, fur Needs to be moist to breath properly

Question 43

What 2 stages do amphibians have?

Answer 43

Lay eggs in water and become tadpoles Tadpoles to intermediate stage Become adults that can breathe out of water

Question 44

Examples of amphibians

Answer 44

Frogs Toads Salamanders Newts

Question 45

Describe reptiles

Answer 45

Ectothermic | With scales and 3 chambered heart

Question 46

Where do reptiles lay eggs

Answer 46

On land | Some have live birth

Question 47

Examples of reptiles

Answer 47

Snakes Turtles Lizards

Question 48

Birds

Answer 48

Endothermic Have feathers/wings Four chambered heart

Question 49

Where do birds lay eggs?

Answer 49

On land

Question 50

Bird diet

Answer 50

Diverse diet | Seeds, fruit, nectar

Question 51

Bird examples

Answer 51

Jays Hawks Robins Parrots

Question 52

Mammals

Answer 52

Endothermic can make their own heat

Question 53

What makes mammals special

Answer 53

Hair Fur Sweat glands Mammary glands

Question 54

Examples of mammals

Answer 54

``` Humans Dogs Ferrets Cats Rabbits ```

Question 55

What's the most common human protozoa parasite

Answer 55

Malaria

Question 56

How is malaria spread

Answer 56

Infected mosquito | Plasmodium

Question 57

Symptoms of malaria

Answer 57

Flu like Severe - kidney/respiratory damage Seizures Death

Question 58

Can malaria be treated?

Answer 58

Can be treated if found early

Question 59

How to prevent malaria

Answer 59

Anti malarial medication when going into infected area

Question 60

Most common parasites

Answer 60

``` Roundworms Lice Tapeworms Coccidia Giardia Ear mites Nasal mites Demodex ```

Question 61

Less common parasites in Calgary

Answer 61

``` Fleas Mange mites Walking dander Ticks Dog tapeworms ```

Question 62

Parasites common in other parts of Canada

Answer 62

Fleas Tapeworms Heartworm Hookworm