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DOG, Derm > Ectoparasites > Flashcards

Ectoparasites Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of those organisms in the phylum ARTHROPODA

A
  • chitonous exoskeletons
  • Internal musculature
  • separate sexes
  • moults between stages
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2
Q

What are the classes under ARTHROPODA?

A
  1. Insecta (Diptera-flies, phthiraptera =lice, siphonoptera-fleas/other-cimex)
  2. Arachnida (A-,pro-, meso-stigmata (mites)/ metastigmata (ticks)
  3. other (crustacean/pentastomida)
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3
Q

What make up the class INSECTA?

A

flies (Diptera), lice (Phthiraptera), fleas (Siphonoptera) and other (bed bugs Cimex)

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4
Q

What is the anatomy of those that make up INSECTA?

A
  • Head, Thorax (3 segments) and abdomen (8-10 segments)
  • 3 pairs of legs
  • 1 pair of antennae
  • only arthropods to possess wings
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5
Q

How many legs do those organisms classified as INSECTA have?

A

6 always!

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6
Q

The order Phthiraptera refers to what?

A

lice (singular louse)
‘aptera’ means no wings
- dorsoventraly flat

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7
Q

What are the 2 suborders in the order Phthiraptera?

A

Arthropoda -> Insecta -> Phthiraptera

  1. Anoplura (sucking lice) = mouth parts penetrate skin feeding via sucking body liquids -> Topical insecticides less likely to work
  2. Mallophagia (Biting lice) = mouth parts are not penetrating skin. feeding on keratin and superficial layer of skin -> topical insecticides work
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8
Q

What are some characteristics of the sucking louse?

A
  • Narrow/relatively elongated head (head evolved to pierce through skin and feeding on fluids)
  • horse, pig, cattle, sheep, dog
  • often specific to a site on a host
  • v host specific
  • cosmopolitan, increase in winter
  • highly pathogenic
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9
Q

What are some characteristics of biting lice?

A
  • “chewing lice” or “body lice”
  • Broad and rounded head as wide (or wider) as the thorax
  • Areas of fine hair
  • smaller (<3mm)
  • Pale in colour
  • Keratin feeders
  • Cosmopolitan
  • dog, cat, sheep, cattle, horse, poultry
  • generally less/non pathogenic but cause kyperkeratosis
  • Bovicola ovis is in sheep fleece and affects wool growth and is of significant economic impact
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10
Q

Bovicola Ovis is what type of parasite?

A

Biting louse

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11
Q

What is the order SIPHONAPTERA commonly known as?

A

fleas

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12
Q

Characteristics of the order Siphonaptera:

A
  • wingless (‘-aptera’)
  • Feed by inserting their mouthpart directly into capillary and then “siphon” out blood
  • laterally compressed
  • 3rd pair of legs adapted for jumping
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13
Q

What flea is a major cause of skin problems in dogs & cats?

A

Ctenocephalides felis (Cat flea)

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14
Q

What is the most resilient stage of the flea life cycle?

A
  • Pupa
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15
Q

Outline the lifecycle of a flea?

A
  • female needs blood to lay eggs
  • Eggs drop into the envt
  • Maggot-like larva feeds on detritus (inc. flea faeces)
  • Pupa = highly resilient stage
  • Only 5% of fleas are on the host, 95% is in the environment (eggs, larvae, pupae)
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16
Q

What is the common name of those organisms that fall into the order Diptera?

A

Flies, midges, mosquitoes

  • means “2 wings”
17
Q

Musca; Stomoxys, Haematobia

are what?

A
  • small grey to black flies, 5-10mm
  • flies with sucking mouth parts = ‘Musca’
  • Flies with biting mouth parts = ‘Stomoxys, Haematobia’
  • Musca cause ‘fly worry’ when feeding around eyes; mechanical vector of bacteria
  • e.g. Stomoxys calcitrans = stable fly
    Haematobia exigura = Buffalo fly
18
Q

What are the genus’ of blow flies (the family calliphoridae)(order Diptera)

A
  1. Lucilia
  2. Calliphora
  3. Chrysomya
19
Q

What is the major fly genus causing flystrike in sheep?

A

Lucilia cuprina

- coppery green thorax and abdomen

20
Q

Which fly is not an ectoparasite?

A

bot flies (oestridae)

  1. Gasterophilus (horse bot)
  2. Oestrus (sheep bot)
  3. Hypoderma (cattle bot)
21
Q

What are some characteristics of the Oestridae family of flies?

A
  • bot flies
  • called so because their 3rd larval stage looks like a bot
  • adult flies are hairy and large (bee-like); they are harmless and cannot feed (no mouth parts)
  • Larval stages = PARASITIC
  • Not highly pathogenic
22
Q

What are some characteristics of the class ARACHNIDA?

A

(Astigmata-mites; prostogmata-mites; mesostigmata-mites;metastigmata-ticks)

  • Parasitic (mites/ticks)
  • Body divided into 2 parts only: Body (idiosoma) and Head (capitulum or gnatosoma)
  • Groups are differentiated based on spiracles/stigmata (resp pores)
  • 4 pairs of legs on body (except larva only have 3 pairs)
  • no antennae/wings
23
Q

How many legs do organisms that belong to the class ARACHNIDA have?

A

4 pairs of legs on body

except larva only 3 pairs

24
Q

What are the Metastigmata (also called Ixodidae)?

A

Hard ticks:

  1. Ixodes
  2. Rhipicephalus
  3. Haemaphysalis
  • there are also ‘Argasidae’ = soft tick
25
Q

What organisms are from the suborder Prostigmata?

A

Arachnida –> Prostigmata

  • mites
  • “trombiculids” (trombicula, eutrombicula, neotrombicula)
  • Larval stage = parasitic (3 pairs of legs)
  • Larva attach to skin = highly irritating and pruritic
  • Can be vectors of scrub typhus (Orientia australia)
  • Nymphs and adults are free living predators
  1. Psoregates ovis (sheep itch mite)
    - small (<0.2mm)
    - mainly problem in Merino sheep
    - causes hypersensitivity reactions leading to biting and rubbing (fleece degradation)
    • Cheyletiella parasitovorax on rabbits
    • Cheyletiella yasguri on dogs
    • Cheyletiella blackei on cats
    • distinguishing feature is a large “claw”
    • called “walking dandruff”, they are large and seen on fur
    • cause mild dermatitis with hyperkeratosis
    • human infection can occur
  3. Demodex spp.
    - Demodex canis - significant in dogs (demodectic mange & serious skin disease)
    - Demodex bovis -
    damages hides (other spp. are of lesser importance, but almost all mammals have their own sp.)
    - Small (<0.3mm) mites, elongate (very typical cigar shape; exception to the fir tree-like rule
    - Mites found in hair follicles and sebaceous glands
    - Most dogs are infected, only a few develop disease
26
Q

What are the organisms of the suborder Astigmata?

A
  • ‘mange mites’ often cause skin disease
  • anterior two leg pairs separated from the posterior 2 pairs
  1. Birds:
    - Knemidocoptes
    - Cytodites
  2. Mammals:
    - Sarcoptidae (legs don’t project beyond body)
    * Sarcoptes
    * Notoedres
    - Psoroptidae (legs DO project beyond body)
    * Psoroptes
    * Otodectes
    * Chorioptes
27
Q

What are the common ear mites of dogs and cats (also fox and feret) from the Suborder Astigmata?

A

Arachnida –> Astigmata –>

Otodectes cynotis

  • cause mild ear otitis externa
  • similar to psoroptic mites
  • occur in external auditory meatus
28
Q

What is the name of the burrowing mite that has a wide range of hosts with adopted strains causing ‘sarcoptic mange’?

A

Astigmata ->

Sarcoptes scabei (Sarcoptidae)

  • small mite, with triangular scales
  • Significant in pigs, dogs, humans (scabies) and many native animals (wombats)
  • Burrowing mite, in s. corneum (females lay eggs)
29
Q

What are the main features of the order ACARINA; suborder METASTIGMATA?

A
  • 8 legs (8 in nymphs; 6 in larvae)
  • Scutum
  • Capitulum
  • Leathery, folded exoskeleton allows for expansion during blood engorgement
  • Hard ticks (Ixodid) have anterior mouthparts and a visible scutum vs;
  • soft tix (Argasid) have ventral (downward) mouthparts and lack a scutum
30
Q

What are the main ticks in Australia? (know for midsem)

A

1/ Paralysis tick (Ixodes holocyclys)
2/ Bush tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis)
3/ Cattle tick - more QLD (Boophilis australia)
4/ Brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus)

31
Q

What are the main features of mites?

A
  • 8 legs (6 in lymphs)
  • Stomata
  • Coxae
  • Pedicles
  • Setae (hairs)
  • lobes
  • Chelicerae (piercing mouth parts)
32
Q

Where can you find mites on an animal?

A
  • on the surface of skin (e.g. Cheyletiella)
  • in hair follicle (e.g. Demodex)
  • in tunnels of the skin (e.g. Sarcoptes)
33
Q

Give at least 1 example of a sarcoptid mite (from suborder: Astigmata)

A
  1. Sarcoptes scabei - scabies in dogs, humans, pigs, wombats, foxes
  2. Notoedres cati - mange mite of cats
  3. Otodectes cynotis - ear mite of dogs and cats
  4. Chorioptes bovie - mange in cattle, horses, sheep
  5. Psoroptes communis - bite and suck causing irritation (non-burrowing) in cattle, sheep (not aust) & horses
  6. Cnemidocoptes - bird mites e.g. beaks and clawa
  7. Trixacarus caviae - intense pruritus in guinea pigs

DOG, Derm (6 decks)

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