ED&T Midterm Review

Question 1

What is a complication of a ppv. and should be considered anytime difficulty ventilating post intubation

Answer 1

Pneumothorax

Question 2

A 19 year old diabetic woman who is 22 weeks pregnant, occipital headache, blurred vision, edema to hands and feet. BP is 152/94, PR 108, rr 20. Conscious and alert, and states she is retaining fluid, what would the immediate concern be?

Answer 2

Potential seizures

Question 3

Although both considered relatively hypovolemic shock states, sepsis is different than neuro in treatment because?

Answer 3

Exhaustion of fluid and catecholamines prior to decompensation.

Question 4

Assess for mechanical shock as possible cause of cardiac arrest by?

Answer 4

Palpating for a femoral pulse with chest compressions.

Question 5

Asthma and COPD are conditions where in order to achieve adequate oxygenation, we may consider….QWAAAT?

Answer 5

Permissive hypercarbia

Avoid paralytics if you can, and do not max out on peep if possible as barotrauma is more likely in these conditions.

Question 6

Causes of hypertension can include?

Answer 6

Thyrotoxicosis (thyroid storm, elevated metabolism), sympathomimetic drugs, and pheochromocytoma.

Question 7

Chronic dehydration can lead to systemic hypertension without tachycardia through activation of?

Answer 7

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

Question 8

Chronic or acute respiratory disease can produce predictable changes on the 12 lead ecg showing?

Answer 8

Right ventricular strain

Question 9

CT and ultrasound have the same risk of radiation?

Answer 9

NO

Question 10

Croup generally has_______ onset, caused by a ________ infection; epiglottitis generally has _______onset caused by a ___________infection

Answer 10

gradual, viral; acute, bacterial

Question 11

Croup age rage?

Answer 11

6 months to 3 years, with a peak of 12-24 months

Question 12

What is epiglottitis typically caused by?

Answer 12

Strep and Staph (bacterial infection)

Question 13

Low BP caused by prolonged dehydration is part of which category of shock?

Answer 13

Absolute hypovolemia

Question 14

4 different types of shock

Answer 14

• Hypovolemic
• Distributive
• Cardiogenic
• Obstructive

Question 15

Distributive or high space shock includes?

Answer 15

Sepsis and neurogenic

Question 16

Characteristic features of down syndrome

Answer 16

A protruding tongue ** (upward slanting eyes )

Question 17

What are the BNP ranges for heart failure?

Answer 17

below 100 pg/mL indicate no heart failure **
o 100-300 pg/mL suggests heart failure is present
o above 300 pg/mL indicate mild heart failure
o above 600 pg/mL indicate moderate heart failure
o above 900 pg/mL indicate severe heart failure

Question 18

Why is synchronized cardioversion of sinus tach not effective

Answer 18

pace maker already

Question 19

Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 19

Impaired language comprehension. Inability to understand.

Question 20

Brocas aphasia

Answer 20

Inability to produce speech effectively (but still understand it).

Question 21

What is the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis?

Answer 21

A defective gene that makes it difficult for chloride to move through the cells, which causes unusually high sodium loss and abnormally thick mucus secretions.

Question 22

What is the patho of TB?

Answer 22

Bacterium/virus that takes residence inside the parenchyma of the lungs, resulting in the production of thin but copious secretions.

Question 23

Spina bifida

Answer 23

Spinal cord does not close properly or completes but vertebrae don’t develop, leaving a portion of the spinal cord exposed.

Question 24

Sometimes indicated by blue sclera, this condition is musculoskeletal condition that is a contraindication to use of IO

Answer 24

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 25

Graves disease?

Answer 25

Hyperthyroidism; bulging eyes (autoimmune response that causes inflammation), hypermetabolic state.

*Think big eyes saying, “we’re in grave danger”… :p

Question 26

Cushing’s Disease

Answer 26

Overproduction of cortisol/acth; high cortisol levels cause weight gain in unhappy places, cardiac hypertrophy, high blood sugar. “Cushins for da pushins”

Question 27

Please identify the largest risk of using paralysis in patients presenting with upper airway obstruction

Answer 27

Loss of airway patency by disabling sympathetic tone of the musculature

Question 28

Labs range for mag and what does it do?

Answer 28

1.4-1.9; ATP synthesis

Question 29

Most important consideration when potassium levels are abnormal?

Answer 29

Cardiac damage

Question 30

Most important consideration when NA values are abnormal

Answer 30

neuro changes

Question 31

MRI is best used for

Answer 31

soft tissue

Question 32

A near drowning, sever pneumonia, and blast can cause?

Answer 32

ARDS

Question 33

Potassium lab value range?

Answer 33

3.5 - 5.0

Question 34

Sodium normal lab value range?

Answer 34

135 - 145 mEq/L

Question 35

Signs of increased infection can include temp and/or what lab values?

Answer 35

Elevated WBC, C-reactive protein

Question 36

In an X-ray, new air appears?

Answer 36

Black in colour

Question 37

Burn injuries to which body areas would MOST likely require transport?

Answer 37

Hands, feets, or genitalia

Question 38

Positive STEMI on 12 leads ECG indicates

Answer 38

Occlusion of coronary vessel and dissection of coronary vessel.

Question 39

You’ve maxed out on PEEP and FI02, how do you increase oxygenation?

Answer 39

Prone the patient