EDNL Final Flashcards
(48 cards)
Servicemen’s Readjustment Act or G.I. Bill
Post WWII reform
“A Nation At Risk”
- 70s and 80s had led to increased economic competition, decline in worker productivity, rising unemployment in the U.S.
- increased federal interest in education follows
ESEA
-“Elementary and Secondary Education Act”
- passed in 2001 and initiated Federal accountability standards for all states
- states were to develop uniform assessments to show all students were at or above grade level (proficient) in reading and math
No Child Left Behind
extension of Elementary and Secondary Education Act
Every Student Succeeds Act
most current version of the No Child Left Behind/Elementary and Secondary Education Act laws
Common Core State Standards
- English/language arts and mathematics
- key concept was to develop consistent education standards across states- what was taught but now how it would be assessed or taught
- fewer in number but in general delve deeper into the content across several domains within each content area- ELA and math
Pedagogy
- the specialized skill or knowledge teachers must learn or know how to provide a specialized service
-what makes a profession a profession
de jure segregation vs. de facto:
de jure ended segregation by law and is enforced by the government, ex. the Civil Rights movement in the 60s. De facto segregation exists without laws, persists to this day.
McKinney-Vento Act:
Federal education law that defines homelessness and mandates services. Grants children access to educational services such as enrollment in public education and transportation.
generational poverty
at least two generations born in poverty
situational poverty
-caused by a sudden crisis or loss, is often temporary
-ex. job loss / death of a major wage-earner in the family
- often accompanied by very high emotions
absolute poverty:
-scarcity of necessities: shelter, running water, and food, focus on day-to-day survival
- the absence of basic necessities
relative poverty
-income status of family is insufficient to meet average standard of living
- ex. Alaska and Hawaii: isolation causes price of goods to be higher than other states
urban poverty
-metropolitan area of at least 50,000 people
-stressors are more chronic and acute: crowding, violence, noise
- ex. public housing, crime stressors
rural poverty
population of less than 50,000 people, less access to services and opportunities: medical, support for disabilities, quality education, (rate is actually growing and exceeds that of urban areas by at least 5%)
John Dewey
- studied at the University of Chicago and Columbia University
-Proponent of Developmental Democracy (!!) - Schools should be a laboratory for democracy
- Schools penalized children for behaving in ‘accord with their nature’- actively social, constructive, creatively expressive, curious and inquiring
Charles Eliot
- Graduate of Harvard
-President of Harvard for 40 years - Proponent of Social Efficiency
Booker T. Washington
- 1856-1915
-President of Tuskegee Normal Institute in 1881
-Strong proponent of vocational education- strong advocate for learning a trade, showing your worth - 1895, promoted the idea that African-Americans needed to ‘pull themselves up by their bootstraps’
W.E.B. Dubois
-1868-1963
-First African-American to earn a Doctorate from Harvard
- Professor at Atlanta University and leader of the Niagara Movement
-Strongly opposed racism
-Insisted on full civil rights and increased political representation for Blacks
-Believed that schools should offer the same academic and classical education to Black people that was offered to White people
-Education for Black students should not be limited to a curriculum emphasizing agricultural/mechanical skills
Rosenwald Schools
-Started by Booker T. Washington of the Tuskegee Institute and Julius Rosenwald, philanthropist and president of Sears Roebuck
-Built state-of-the art schools for African-American children across the South
-The effort has been called the most important initiative to advance black education in the early 20th century
-Over 5,300 were built across 15 southern states. NC had over 800- more than any other state
Plessy v. Ferguson
- 1896
-involved “separate but equal accommodations for white and colored railroad passengers” in Louisiana.
-Supreme Court ruled that the 14th amendment was not intended to enforce “social, as distinguished from political, equality, or a commingling of the races” (and referenced the Roberts case from Massachusetts of the 1850s)
-Court also said that if enforced segregation “stamps the colored race with the badge of inferiority”, it is solely because “the colored race chooses to put that constrict upon it”
Brown v. Topeka
-1954-55
-actually four cases- one each from Kansas, Virginia, South Carolina, and Delaware
-1954 Supreme Court opinion held that separate facilities in education were “inherently unequal” and a breach of the 14th amendment’s “equal protection” clause (overturns Plessy)
-1955 opinion ordered local authorities to make a “prompt and reasonable start” to end segregation, lower courts were to “proceed with all deliberate speed” to end segregation
14th Amendment
-No person can be deprived of life, liberty, or the property without “due process of law”
-No person can be denied “equal protection of the laws”
Effect size
- a statistical measure
-relates to ‘Normal Distribution’
-an effect size of 1.0 means a gain of one standard deviation on a normal curve for the control group
