Education Flashcards
(35 cards)
What are internal factors?
Factors within school such as the education system, such as interactions between pupils and teachers and inequalities between schools
What are external factors?
Factors outside the education system, such as the influence of home and family background and wider society
Who uses the restricted speech code?
Working class
Who uses the elaborated speech code?
Middle class
What are the causes of cultural deprivation?
Blaming the educational system on the failure of the working class
What are the causes of material deprivation?
Poverty and a lack of material necessities fail the working class
What is labelling?
To attach a meaning or definition to a pupil. Could be positive or negative
What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?
It’s a prediction that comes true simply by virtue of it having been made
What is streaming?
Streaming involves separating children into different ability groups or classes called ‘streams’. These groups are taught separately for each subject
What did Gillborn and Youdell (2001) research?
Shows how teachers use stereotypical notions of ‘ability’ to stream pupils
What is differentiation?
The process of teachers categorising pupils according to how they perceive their ability
What is polarisation?
Pupils respond to streaming by moving towards one of the 2 opposite extremes
What is the pro-school subculture?
Pupils placed in high streams tend to remain committed to the values of the school
What is the anti-school subculture?
Pupils placed in low streams suffer a loss of self-esteem
What are 3 explanations for ethnic differences in education?
Language
Attitudes and values
Family structure
What did Sewell (2009) research?
He believes the reason for black boys underachieving is for a lack of fatherly ‘tough love’ rather than absence of father’s as role models
What did Keddie (1973) research?
She believes that minority ethnic groups are culturally different rather than culturally deprived
What did Fuller (1984) research?
Black girls were high achievers but were put in low streams
What is individual racism?
Prejudiced views held by individual teachers and others
What is institutional racism?
Discrimination that is built into the way institutions (school/college) operate
What is the ethnocentric curriculum?
A curriculum that gives priority to the culture and viewpoints of one particular ethnic group
What did Bowker (1968) believe?
Lack of standard English is a major barrier to education for immigrants
What did the Swann report conclude?
Language is not a major factor in underachievement
What did Errol Lawrence (1982) believe?
Black pupils underachieve because of racism
