Education Flashcards
(38 cards)
Correspondence theory
the view that educational forms and processes correspond to conditions and needs in the capitalist economy
Credential inflation
the concept that credential requirements in the labour market increase independent of the skill content of work. As individuals acquire more degrees, diplomas, and certificates, employers have increased the credentials needed to gain employment. As a result, inequalities persist
Critical pedagogy
a form of pedagogy that has as its central concern progressive social change, social justice, and liberation
Cultural capital
individuals’ access to and understanding of the dominant culture
Formal curriculum –
the overt content of schooling, related to cognitive skill acquisition
Habitus –
individuals’ sense of self within the social structure, informed by their social class background. Habitus creates dispositions to understand the world and act in certain ways
Hidden curriculum –
the unspoken norms, values, and routines that socialize students and shape their behaviour
Human capital –
an individual’s skills, knowledge, and experience and the value of this for economic growth
Lifelong learning –
the idea that the skills in demand in our modern economy constantly shift and evolve and it therefore becomes necessary to engage in constant learning and upgrading of skills and knowledge
Meritocracy –
the principle that persons are selected for social positions based on merit or achievement in a fair competition rather than ascribed characteristics, such as social class, race or gender
Rational choice theory –
the idea that individuals make choices based on careful cost-benefit considerations, with the intention of maximizing benefits while minimizing costs
Resistance theory –
based on the work of Paul Willis, the idea that working-class youth actively reject the middle-class norms and values of education in favour of working-class ideals of manual labour
Streaming –
the process of placing students in different educational programs, based on a combination of previous achievement, tests, teachers’ assumptions, and parents’ wishes
Symbolic violence –
in the sociology of education, the concept that schools neglect the everyday experiences of students outside the mainstream and instead enforce middle-class values and norms on everybody
Underemployment
explains employment situations in which individuals have higher levels of formal education and more skills than required by the actual content of the work they perform
Education
the social institution through which society provides its members with imporant knowledge
“Form follows function”
Economic system = base
The Functions of Schooling
Integration
• Promotion of social solidarity
• Socialization
• Schooling is a means of social control (holding
tank for young when labour options are minimal).
Bishop Strachan
“The effect instruction of Upper Canadian
children… will result in the comparative emptying of jails”
Engagement
Being psychologically committed to
learning
- students are
“physically present but psychologically absent”
Steinberg -
External school influence
- parents
- peers
- ethnicity
Cote
disengaged student because of difficult professional interaction
BMO - bank of mom and dad
- best thing for high school is to take a minimum year off, but parental pressure
Why are students uninterested
in school?
students believe in the benefits associated with getting a associated with getting a diploma/degree.
• they believe success in the labor force will depend mainly on the number of years of schooling they complete.
Ethnic differences in attitudes
toward school
Asian-American students perform on
average better than white peers who in turn
out perform black and Latino peers
• Ethnic differences are very apparent in
terms of student beliefs about the
consequences of failing in school.
